Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.3 Survival of clinically relevant viruses on dry inanimate surfaces
Organisms
Range of survival (environment)
Reference
Adenovirus
6 h up to 3 months (type
dependent),
Hara et al. [
48
], Rigotto
et al. [
95
]
a
<
301 days
(in water)
a
Astrovirus
7-90 days
Tiwari et al. [
107
]
a
Avian
metapneumonovirus
~48 h up to 6 days
SARS Coronavirus
5 min up to 24 h (on paper)
Lai et al. [
66
], Rabenau
et al. [
93
], Guionie
et al. [
47
]
<
5-28 days (at room temp.)
28 days (at 4
C)
Wong et al. [
127
]
a
Coxsackievirus
7-10 days, up to
>
2 weeks
Cytomegalovirus
1-8 h
Faix [
37
], Stowell
et al. [
102
]
a
a
Echovirus
Up to 7 days
a
Hepatitis A virus
2 h up to 60 days
a
Hepatitis B virus
1 week
Human immunodefi-
ciency virus
Up to 7 days, 7 days
(in peritoneal dialysis efflu-
ent), 48 h (on peritoneal dial-
ysis exchange and tubing),
4-8 weeks (on glass cover
slides)
Van Bueren et al. [
113
],
Farzadegan et al. [
38
]
a
Herpes simplex virus,
Type 1 & 2
2 h up to 8 weeks
Larson and Bryson [
67
],
Bardell [
2
], Rabenau
et al. [
93
]
a
<
Influenza virus
1-28 days (strain dependent)
Edward and Derrick [
34
],
Walther and Ewald
[
121
], Tiwari
et al. [
107
]
a
, Thomas
et al. [
106
]
1-3 days (on banknotes), up to
8 days (admixed in mucous)
Belanov et al. [
7
]
a
Marburg virus (strain
Popp)
4-5 days
Brady et al. [
11
]
a
Para-influenza virus
10 h
Norovirus, Feline calici
virus (FCV), Murine
norovirus (MNV)
8 h up to 7 days, MNV
40 days
(in diapers and gauze)
Cannon et al. [
14
], Lee
et al. [
69
]
a
>
Hsueh [
53
]
a
Papillomavirus 16
7 days
a
Papovavirus
8 days
a
Parvovirus
>
1 year
a
Poliovirus type 1
4 h to
<
8 days
a
Poliovirus type 2
1 day up to 8 weeks
7 days,
<
1 h (in aerosol infec-
tivity decreases by 50 % per
hour)
Pseudorabies virus
Schoenbaum et al. [
100
]
a
Respiratory syncytial
virus
up to 6 h
a
Rhinovirus
2 h up to 7 days
Keswick et al. [
61
]
a
Rotavirus
30 min, 6-60 days
a
Vacciniavirus
3 weeks up to
20 weeks
>
a
Additional references in Kramer et al. [
64
,
65
]
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