Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2. Changes of flame form and flame color. The flame forms a clearly lifted
flame at some distance from the nozzle, and a violet flame is generated
from the bottom portion after formation of an orange flame. Then, a bluish-
green flame appears on the top of a violet flame. As the temperature goes
down, the violet flame gradually expands to the upper side, and the flame
changes to all violet in color. Compared with a normal flame, the blue-green
flame, which is peculiar to the case of combustion in high temperature
preheated, diluted air, is more stable like a laminar flame. In the case of the
violet color flame that is obtained in high temperature preheated, diluted
air, the distribution of the C
2
radical emission is spread widely.
3. Blowout of flame. The flame is reduced and then blown out, as the high
temperature preheated and diluted air temperature in the furnace lowers.
Furthermore, the greater the dilution rate, the higher the temperature at
which the blowout of flame occurs.
Measurement point of heat flux
(center of the furnace width)
Fixed heat-removing
water-cooled tube
Movable heat-removing
tube hole
250
500
Temperature near the furnace wall
10 mm from the furnace wall
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
160
Thermocouple for measuring
in-furnace gas temperature
1150
850
1000
1000
1000
850
1150
500
North:1750mm
3
6
9
1
2
1
5
1
8
2
1
2
4
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Center:1000mm
2
5
8
1
1
1
4
1
7
2
0
2
3
TIC
PIC
1
4
7
1
0
1
3
1
6
1
9
2
2
South:250mm
500
1150
850
1000
1000No.C
1000
1200
No.B
850
No.A
No.1
500
1000
500
500
8000
Furnace
inspection window
Escape
Depth of TIC
70 mm from the ceiling
Burner side A
Burner side B
Firing
port
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
In-furnace gas temperature
(100 mm from the ceiling)
Spectrometer
No.C
No.B
No.A
No.1
Temperature near the furnace side wall
Burner C:1000 mm from the ceiling
t
t
In-furnace gas temperature
(950 mm from the ceiling)
t
t
No.1
750mm
No.2
1750mm
No.3
2750mm
No.4
3750mm
No.5
4750mm
No.6
5750mm
No.7
6750mm
No.8
7750mm
GL
Distance in the direction
of furnace length
0mm
Escape
Measuring point of heat flux
Fixed heat-removing water-cooled tube
FIGURE 2.82
Outline of combustion test furnace.
2.4.2
E
MISSIONS
IN
L
IQUID
F
UEL
F
LAME
2.4.2.1
Emissions on Liquid Fuel Combustion
This section introduces the results of the high temperature air combustion tests
conducted at NKK Keihin with various types of fuels and combustion methods. The
types of fuels included heavy oil A, town gas, and COG, and the types of combustion
methods included the dispersed combustion type burner method and the concentrated
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