Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
applications, the reader is referred to the latest reviews and
topics on the subject
[16,17,61,273]
.
along the path towards new discoveries and direct applica-
tions
[4,17,288,302,303]
.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by BBSRC grants BB/C505140/2 and BB/
F00446X/1 as well as by a contract from the European Commission
under the FP7 Collaborative Programme, UNICELLSYS.
CONCLUSIONS: FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Eukaryotic life is rich in complexity
[4,8]
, and yeast can
help us to rediscover and appreciate this:'Do you not know
that our soul is composed of harmony?'
[287]
.
However, this exquisite complexity should not be
a deterrent but, rather, a stimulus to overcome the chal-
lenges, advance progress towards specific objectives (e.g.,
better characterization of biological networks and imbal-
ances responsible for a specific disease) and contribute to
new applications for the benefit of society. Comprehensive
yeast systems biology experiments under controlled
conditions can uncover the complexity and interplay of
biological networks with their dynamics, at the essential
cellular level, towards the characterization of dysregulated
networks in biotechnology and disease.
In order to realize the full potential of yeast as a reference
model in systems biology and permit direct applications, the
high level of international collaboration between yeast
research groups seen in the yeast genome sequencing
[68]
(
http://www.yeastgenome.org
) and functional genomics
projects
[288
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must be continued and even enhanced,
with incorporation of experts from different scientific
backgrounds, in comprehensive interdisciplinary efforts. To
this end, the Yeast Systems Biology Network (YSBN)
(
http://www.gmm.gu.se/globalysbn/
)
, a global consortium of
researchers working in systems biology of the yeast S. cer-
evisiae, promotes interdisciplinary collaborations, projects
and initiatives between experts in the different fields. A
relevant example is the UNICELLSYS project (
http://www.
unicellsys.eu/
)
, a systems biology initiative with the overall
objective of a quantitative understanding of control of cell
growth and proliferation. These joint initiatives and projects
can be reproduced in systems biology studies at higher
physiological levels
[246,292,293]
,w thmorecomplex
model organisms, higher eukaryotes (e.g., fly; mouse;
mammalian systems;
[294
e
299]
and, ultimately, humans
[300,301]
, towards progress and new applications in systems
biotechnology
[297]
, medicine and complex disease studies
[240,292,293,302,303,304]
. Thus, the Virtual Physiological
Human (VPH) initiative represents a network of excellence
[305,306]
;
http://www.vph-noe.eu/objectives
,
and VPH
projects are directed towards modeling a wide range of
human organs and systems in both healthy and diseased state
(
[307]
and references therein;
http://www.vph-noe.eu/vph-
community efforts will always need to incorporate funda-
mental principles on eukaryotic networks from systems
biology studies at the cellular level. In this journey, the
humble yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can accompany us
e
