Nanotechnology for domestic water purification - Nanotechnology in Eco-efficient Construction - page 410

(a) (b)

100 nm

1 μ m

(c) (d)

3 KV × 5000 6.00 μ m

1 μ m

16.15 Different approaches to carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane
synthesis. (a) Template synthesis approach - carbonaceous material
deposited inside anodized alumina template; (below) scanning
electron micrograph (SEM) of the nanotubes after dissolution of the
template. (b) Dense-array outer-wall CNT membrane; (below) SEM
image demonstrating the dense array of CNTs. The fl uid transport is
through the interstice between the nanotubes, although some
transport can occur through some open-ended tubes (Srivastava et al. ,
2004). (c) Open-ended CNT membrane; (below) SEM image showing
the cross section of the membrane with aligned CNTs in an
impervious polymer matrix; transport in this membrane structure
occurs through the inner core of the CNT (Hinds et al. , 2004). Image
taken with permission from Majumder et al. (2007). (d) Mixed-matrix
membrane composed of CNTs in a polymer matrix; (below) SEM
image of the composite membrane structure. Image taken with
permission from Geng et al. (2007).

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