Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
drainage or ammonia, and a D&G-PRB employing palladium and
hydrogen to treat cVOCs in situ.
4. Long-term monitoring of field-scale projects such as the ZVI-PRB at
Rheine, the GAC-PRBs at Karlsruhe, and Brunn am Gebirge (Vienna,
Austria), all running successfully for more than 10 years, and the
Bio-PRB at Offenbach (set up in 2007), which provided versatile and
highly valuable monitoring data over several years.
Thus, it could be concluded that PRBs represent a successful in situ reme-
diation technology. Moreover, a comparison to long-term data obtained at
other PRB sites in Europe as well as in North America provided similar over-
all results. All missions, goals, and results of RUBIN phase #2 have been
compiled in a supplemental volume to the German PRB handbook and guid-
ance (in German, published in 2012, Birke and Burmeier, 2012a,b).
13.2.2 A Review of German PRB Sites Comprising the First
RUBIN Projects
13.2.2.1 Bernau
Set up in 2001 on the premises of a former dry-cleaning facility of the former
Soviet army, funded by RUBIN, type: EC-PRB, a partly actively working sys-
tem (lifting up groundwater by pumping, pilot-scale; one-reactor cell adja-
cent to the ground surface, accessible from top, equipped with 18 cylindrical
reactor vessels made of reinforced concrete), employs ZVI (chiefly Gotthart-
Maier) for treating high cVOC concentrations in two aquifers (75-350 mg/L
TCE). It is possible to run the reactors in parallel or series to control flow
length and residence times inside the reactive system. The PRB has con-
stantly achieved high degradation rates of more than 99% TCE removal, but
there is a low cis-DCE reduction. Hence, subsequent purification on activated
carbon can be applied to adsorb cis-DCE; there has been temporary clogging
of the iron by mineral precipitation and gas production (N
2
and H
2
). A full
control over and accessibility to the system enable a relatively easy and swift
identification of problems and managing efficient solutions, such as clogging
of the ZVI bed by mineral precipitates and gas plugging (Birke et al., 2003,
2004; Weber et al., 2013) (Figure 13.4).
13.2.2.2 Bitterfeld
Set up in 1999, the so-called “SAFIRA” test site, EC-PRB equipped with ISVs
(placed in five shafts, 3 m in diameter, 32 m deep), using active pumping;
different reactive materials and breakdown processes were tested between
1999 and 2004. Treatment of cVOCs and other CHCs, particularly chlorinated
aromatics (complex contaminant mixture inside a local aquifer) achieved
partly successful degradation of the main contaminants (e.g., GAC combined
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