Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, comprehensive and detailed study of the main characteristics, which are
designated properties of certain sod-podzol soil for the growth of cultivated plants in
adverse agroclimatic conditions of northern territories, are of relevance [1-6].
Tobolsk district is situated in the northern part of Tyumen region, in subboreal for-
est zone, and occupies 17.222 km
2
. Summer time climate is formed under the infl uence
of cyclones moving from the west. However, intrusion of arctic air causes cooling and
frosts in the beginning and in the end of summer period. Anticyclones of the Central
Asia enhance climate continentally during winter, which leads to relative severity of
the period [7]. Territories of the region are characterized by severe cold winter and
short frost-free period. Not only annual but daily sharp temperature fl uctuations are
observed, especially during spring. Climate instability is related to unhampered intru-
sion of arctic air masses from the north and dry air masses from Kazakhstan.
By its hydrological-climatic conditions, Tobolsk district belongs to highly humid
zone and zone of insuffi cient heat supply [8].
Climatic conditions have essential infl uence on soil formation process and deter-
mine geographical and physicochemical uniqueness of soil cover. This region differ-
entiates by the great cultivar of soils. Main soil types are as follows: fl oodplain, pod-
zols, sod-podzols, gray forest soils, alluvial-meadow soils, boggy soils, black soils,
sodium soils, ash gray soils, and loessial loam.
Investigations revealed great spatial and time contrast of edaphic-climatic charac-
teristics in complicated conditions of growth of cultivated plants [2]. That is why it is
essential to know the morphological, physical, and chemical peculiarities of soil cover
and its ultimate composition for realization of ecological and biological potential of
crop cultivar [6, 9, 10].
The aim of this study is to determine the morphological features, physical and
chemical characteristics, and elemental ultimate composition of soil from an experi-
mental plot with the account of meteorological factors.
The research was conducted in the period 2009-2011 on the experimental plot in
Malaya Zorkaltseva village, Tobolsk district of Tyumen region, according to agrocli-
matological zoning situated in subboreal region.
Data on air temperature in Tobolsk district for the period 1900-2008 were obtained
on “Joint hydrometeorological station of Tobolsk district.” Analysis of multiannual
data revealed that average monthly air temperatures in the period from November
to March has negative values, and from April to October—positive; mean yearly air
temperature was 0.6°C.
Yearly variation of temperatures is characterized by minimum in January-Feb-
ruary (−17.2°С) and maximum in July (+18.6°С). Mean temperature of cold period
from November to March is −13.2°С. The coldest months were January and February
with minimal temperatures −48.5°С (1964) and −47.7°С (1967). Duration of period
with mean daily temperature above 0°C is 190 days and above +5 and +10°C, 157
and 116 days, respectively. According to multiannual data, minimal July temperature
is +39.6°С (1901). Spring begins after April 10 with the passage of daily temperature
through 0°C, but in the end of May and in the beginning of June snowfalls are pos-
sible. However, at times warm and even dry weather (+15 and −23°С) set in because
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