Glossary - Construction Project Scheduling and Control - page 471

A + B Contracting Method —A bidding/contracting method that factors time
plus cost in order to determine the low bid. Under the A + B contracting
method, each submitted bid has two components: “A,” dollar amount for
contract items, and “B,” days required to complete the project. Bid days are
multiplied by a hypothetical cost per day, set by the owner, and added to the A
component to obtain the total bid: A +(B ∗ Cost per day)=Total bid. Also
called Cost plus time or biparameter bidding/contracting method .
Application for Payment —See Payment Request .
Arbitration —A formal process by which parties agree to submit their disputes for
determination by a third, impartial party (referred to as the arbitrator ) rather
than to pursue their claims before a judge and jury in a court of law. The parties
often agree in advance to binding arbitration of their dispute, either as a clause
in the contract or at the occurrence of a dispute. This method of avoiding
litigation can save both time and money.
Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) —See Activity on Arrow (AOA) Network .
As-Built Schedule —A schedule prepared after the project has started and reflects
work occurrence as it actually happened in reality rather than what was planned
to happen. Activities are plotted by their actual start and actual finish,
disregarding any logic.
As Late As Possible —A constraint in some computer scheduling programs that
forces the maximum delay in starting an activity without delaying succeeding
activities. Also called the Zero Free Float constraint.
As-of Date —See Data Date .
As-Planned Schedule —The schedule submitted by the contractor—as usually
required by the contract—and approved by the owner before the start of the
project (and sometimes before the signing of the contract).
At Completion Cost —See At Completion Total Cost .
At Completion Duration (ACD) —The duration of an activity after its completion.
For activities not started yet, At Completion Duration is same as the Original
Duration . For in-progress activities, At Completion Duration is equal to the
summation of Actual Duration and Remaining Duration . For completed
activities, At Completion Duration is equal to Actual Duration .
At Completion Total Cost —Total costs (direct and indirect) incurred in an activity,
a group of activities, or the entire project throughout the completion of the
overall assigned work.
Backward Pass —The process of navigating through a network from end to start
and calculating the late dates for each activity. Backward pass starts with the
imposed finish date of the project, if given. If not, it starts with the finish date
calculated by the Forward Pass . Dates calculated by the Backward Pass , along
with those calculated by the Forward Pass , help identify the critical path and
calculate float for all activities.
Backward Resource Leveling —Leveling resources, starting from the project's
finish and then working backward through all project activities, fulfilling their