Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5.8
Simplified ultra-supercritical Rankine cycle with regeneration. Components in the sys-
tem are:
1
pump,
2
steam generator,
3
high-pressure (HP) expander,
4
regenerator, low-pressure
(LP) expander and
5
condenser. The expanders and pump are shown as purely isentropic (∆
S
=0)
expansions and compressions for simplicity
energy systems based on Fig.
5.8
. are commercial and are expected to play a major
role in the energy picture of Asia in 2035.
5.3.9
Biofuel Synthesis
Supercritical fluids can be used as reaction solvents for producing biodiesel fuel
from oilseed crops. Methanol (Ishikawa and Saka
2001
; Minami and Saka
2006
),
methyl acetate (Saka and Isayama
2009
), and dimethyl carbonate (Ilham and Saka
2009
), each have distinctive advantages as reaction solvents in their supercritical
state. For example, the transesterification of triglycerides with supercritical metha-
nol gives biodiesel and glycerol:
