Comparison of Primary and Secondary Emissions from an Internal Combustion Engine - Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development - page 412

4 Objective

Particulate matter in diesel engine is generated due to incomplete combustion in the
nanometer (D50 < 50 nm) and ultra ne (D50 < 100 nm) size ranges (Donaldson

et al. 1996 ). Ultra 20 % of total mass but

comprise more than 90 % of the total particle number and surface area. Particle size
in

ne and nano particles contribute 1 -

uences the atmospheric residence time of the particles, the optical properties of
the particles, and the particle surface area and ability to participate in photochemical
oxidation/aging and

fl

finally health effects of the particles.
This study compares diesel exhaust (DE) and biodiesel exhaust (BDE) for their
toxicity with a strong emphasis on following parameters:

(1) Total particle number and mass concentration from diesel and biodiesel
exhaust.
(2) EC and OC content.
(3) PAHs in Diesel and B20 exhaust.
(4) Particle morphology.

5 Experimental Setup

For both primary and secondary particles, number, mass, and surface area distribu-
tions with respect to particle size were measured at various engine loads (0, 12.5, 25,
37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5 and 100 %) for rated engine speed (1,800 rpm). Chemical
characterization of primary and secondary emissions was carried out using real-time
EC, OC and total particle-bound PAHs measurements. Particulate laden

filters were

observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1,000 cation.

A modern CRDI diesel engine (Tata; Safari DICOR 3.0 L) with an eddy current
dynamometer (Dynomerk; ECB 300) were used for the comparative study of
mineral diesel and B20. The experimental setup for this study (Fig. 4 ) comprises of
an arti

× magni

cial photochemical chamber.

Fig. 4 Schematic of experimental setup (adapted from Agarwal et al. 2013 )