Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Silver was associated with chlorine in most samples. Results
demonstrate that the normal use of silver-containing spray products
carries the potential for inhalation of silver containing aerosols.
Exposure modeling suggests that up to 70 ng of silver may deposit
in the respiratory tract during product use.
Bekker et al.
(2013)
Propellant gas
spray
SiO
2
, Al
TEM, SEM/EDX
PNC + PSD
(14 nm-20 μm),
surface area
For all four spray products, the maximum number and surface
area concentrations in the “near ield” exceeded the maximum
concentrations reached in the “far ield.” At 2 min after the
emission occurred, the concentration in both the “near ield”
and “far ield” reached a comparable steady-state level above
background level. These steady-state concentrations remained
elevated above background concentration throughout the entire
measurement period (12 min). The results of the real-time
measurement devices mainly relect the liquid aerosols emitted
by the spray process itself rather than only the MNO, which
hampers the interpretation of the results. However, the
combination of the off-line analysis and the results of the
real-time devices indicates that after the use of nano-spray
products, personal exposure to MNOs can occur not only in the
near ield but also at a greater distance than the immediate
proximity of the source and at a period after emission occurred
Van
Broekhuizen
et al. (2011)
Spray coating
(of surfaces)
TiO
2
—
PNC
(20-300 nm)
Workplace measurements suggest a modest exposure to
nanoparticles (NPs) above background of construction workers
associated with the use of nanoproducts. The measured particles
were within a size range of 20-300 nm, with the median diameter
below 53 nm. Positive assignment of this exposure to the
nanoproduct or to additional sources of ultraine particles, like the
electrical equipment used was not possible within the scope of this
study.
(
Continued
)
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