Field and Laboratory Measurements Related to Occupational and Consumer Exposures - Safety of Nanomaterials along Their Lifecycle - page 291

TABLE 13.3
Publications on Relatively High Energy Dispersion (Source Domain 3)
Reference Scenario Nanomaterial Characterization Metric Summary/Conclusions

Nørgaard et al.
(2009)

Pump and
propellant
gas spray can

Silane,
siloxane, TiO 2

GC/MS and GC/
FID

PNC + PSD
(6 nm-18.4 μm)

The number of generated particles was in the order of 3 × 10 8 to 2 ×
10 10 #/m 3 per g sprayed NFP and was dominated by nanosized
particles

Chen et al.
(2010)

Propellant gas
spray can

TiO 2 SEM/EDX Gravimetric

mass, PSD
(5 nm-20 μm)
NC (calculated
from mass and
density)

Results indicated that, while aerosol droplets were large with a
CMD of 22 μm during spraying, the inal aerosol contained
primarily solid TiO 2 particles with a diameter of 75 nm. This size
reduction was due to the surface deposition of the droplets and the
rapid evaporation of the aerosol propellant. In the breathing zone,
the aerosol, containing primarily individual particles (>90%), had a
mass concentration of 3.4 mg/m 3 , or 1.6 × 10 5 #/cm³, with a
nanoparticle fraction limited to 170 μg/m 3 or 1.2 × 10 5 #/cm 3

Lorenz et al.
(2011)

Pump and
propellant
gas spray

Ag, ZnO TEM PNC + PSD

(10-500 nm)

NOAA were identiied in the dispersions of two products (shoe
impregnation and plant spray). Nanosized aerosols were observed
in three products that contained propellant gas. The aerosol number
concentration increased linearly with the sprayed amount, with the
highest concentration resulting from the antiperspirant. Modeled
aerosol exposure levels were in the range of 10 10 nanosized
aerosols cumulated per person and application event for the
antiperspirant and the impregnation sprays, with the largest
fraction of nanosized aerosol depositing in the alveolar region.
Negligible exposure from the application of the plant spray (pump
spray) was observed.

( Continued )