Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.2
Showing the overall ranges and mean values of the physico-chemical parameters of two lakes
Pocharam Lake
Wyra Lake
Sl. no.
Parameter
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
1.
pH
7.24-9.16
8.0
7.0-8.7
7.57
2.
EC (micro-siemens/cm)
230-810
349.5
360-810
542.2
3.
Turbidity (NTU)
15-300
67.3
5-184
52.8
4.
DO (mg/L)
2.6-8.2
5.2
1.3-6.0
4.55
5.
Carbonates (mg/L)
0-90
54
0-50
41.1
6.
Bicarbonates (mg/L)
35-180
87.9
125-320
215.2
7.
Chloride (mg/L)
15-43
26.5
27-110
64.5
8.
Total hardness (mg/L)
90-280
158.6
95-245
148.9
9.
Calcium (mg/L)
15-59
30.2
21-42
28.9
10.
Phosphates (mg/L)
0.01-0.09
0.36
0.03-0.28
0.86
11.
Nitrates (mg/L)
1-15
5.23
1.9-10.0
3.7
12.
Silicates (mg/L)
5-21
9.5
3.0-16.0
10.5
13.
Sulphates (mg/L)
6-43
16
16-97
39.1
14.
Sodium (mg/L)
8-46
26.9
30-92
61.3
15.
Potassium(mg/L)
1-5
1.95
2.0-5.0
3.1
was noticed at Pochammaralu and Burugapalle
during winter, and its maximum was at Polkampet
in monsoon. In the case of Wyra Lake, the minimal
and maximum values were obtained at Wyra spot
and Siddikhnagar during monsoon and winter,
respectively. The higher phosphate content indi-
cates the loading in of domestic sewage and
agricultural runoff from surrounding colonies
and agricultural fi elds, respectively.
The quantity of nitrate at Pocharam Lake
fl uctuated from 1 (several localities during win-
ter) to 15 mg/L (Burugapalle in summer) with a
mean value of 5.23, whereas its value at Wyra
Lake ranged from 1.9 (Wyra spot in summer) to
10.0 mg/L with a mean value of 3.27, but the
minimal and maximum values were obtained at
Wyra spot and Siddikhnagar, respectively, during
monsoon season. Silicate concentration in
Pocharam Lake was found around 10 only. The
silicate values during winter in Wyra Lake
were comparatively low, and summer values are
higher. High concentration of sulphates stimu-
lates the action of sulphur-reducing bacteria,
which produce hydrogen sulphide, a gas highly
toxic to fi sh life. Sulphates at Wyra Lake water
were observed from 16 to 97 mg/L with an
average value of 39.1 wherein the minimal was
noticed in summer at Lallapuram, while the
sulphate concentration in Pocharam Lake waters
fl uctuated between 6 and 43 mg/L with a mean
value of 16 wherein the lower value was found
at Burugapalle in summer and the higher one
was in monsoon at the same spot. Sodium,
which can also be called as conservative metal,
showed the variation in Pocharam Lake waters
from S Pocharam in winter - 46 mg/L (Rajpet in
winter) with a mean value of 26.9. But in Wyra
Lake sodium concentration fl uctuated between
30 (Wyra - winter) and 92 (Lallapuram - sum-
mer) with a mean value of 61.3. The quantity of
potassium in Pocharam Lake waters was
between 1 mg/L (several places in winter and
summer) and 5 mg/L (Pochammaralu - winter)
with a mean value of 1.95, whereas in Wyra
Lake this concentration was between 2.0 (several
places in winter and summer) and 5.0
(Lallapuram - summer), with an average value
of 3.1 (Table s
3.2
and
3.3
).
Biotic Profi le
Detailed studies were carried out on the diverse
rotifer and cladoceran faunal assemblage in
Pocharam Lake and Wyra Lake during the study
periods and given in Table
3.4
wherein the
Search WWH ::
Custom Search