Amphibians of Doon Valley (Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) with Their Systematics, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation Status and Threats - Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation - page 215

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
(Schneider, 1799)

India
Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh,
Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal and Western Ghats.

English Names
Cyan Five-Fingered Frog, Green Stream Frog,
Green Wart Frog, Indian Skipper Frog, Seistan
Skittering Frog, Skipper Frog, Skipping Frog,
Skittering Frog, Small-Spotted Frog, Spiny
Skittering Frog, Studded Frog, Water Skipper
Frog and Water Skipping Frog.

Elsewhere
Afghanistan (southern), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, Iran (eastern), Myanmar, Nepal and
Pakistan. Sri Lana (introduced).
There is a small disjunct population in north-
ern Oman at Wadi Jubaitha, 20 km east of
Mahdah (Theodore Papenfuss pers. comm.,
September 2008, vide IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species, 2012.2).
Its altitudinal range is from sea level to
4,500 m asl.

Diagnostic Characters

Adult
Tympanum distinct, nearly equal to eye diame-
ter; fi ngers pointed, 1st and 4th equal to 2nd, 3rd
the longest, sub-articular and palmer tubercles
small; toes fully webbed, 4th the longest; inner
metatarsal tubercle short, pointed and digitiform;
skin with fi ne tubercles and warts and rows of
pores above (sometimes below also) and smooth
below; a strong fold between eye and shoulder.
Colouration: Olive/dark brownish, marbled or
dark spotted above with a creamy band on sides,
speckled with black below and two blackish
streaks on hinder side of thighs.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller, with two
blackish slitlike openings of vocal sacs.
Size: 6.4 cm in snout to vent length, male
smaller.

Habitat and Ecology
Found in a wide variety of habitats including
open plains, grasslands, scrubland, forest,
suitable agricultural land and human habita-
tions. Breeds in permanent and seasonal pools,
seasonal streams and slow-flowing streams.
Adults hide under rocks and in crevices. It is a
very adaptable species that may be found in
houses.

Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern.

Tadpole
Body stout with acutely pointed tail and dark
blotches above.

Threats
There are no major threats to this adaptable spe-
cies. Localized threats over much of its range
include loss of habitat to infrastructure develop-
ment; intensifi cation of agriculture; pollution of
wetlands and land by agrochemicals; traffi c-
related mortality; and long-term drought.

Distribution

Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Maldevta; Muni-ki-Reti and
Daudi, Rishikesh; Raipur road; Robber's Cave; Song
River Raiwala and Rajaji National Park ( partim ).
Western Doon Valley: Asan Reservoir,
Seepage nala, Asan River above Kunja Grant
and below its barrage at Dhalipur, Asan River at
village Jhivaredi (Shimla road), Badowala and
Sahaspur; Kalsi; Kata Pathar, Lakhwar road;
Karvapani; Robber's Cave (Guchhupani); Puni
Grant nr. Timli and Timli Forest.

Remarks
It is present in many protected areas and perhaps
occurs in three protected areas in Iran.
Family: Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871
(Fork-Tongued Frogs)
Subfamily: Dicroglossinae Anderson, 1871
Genus: Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843