Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Western Doon Valley: Asan Reservoir; Asan
River below its barrage; Seepage nala and
Badshahi Bagh road.
Remarks
This form is probably a complex of more than
one species.
Duttaphrynus tienhoensis
was syn-
onymised with
D. melanostictus
by Dubois and
Ohler (
1999
), Matsui et al. (
2005
).
Uttarakhand
Dehra Dun, Tehri, Pauri, Uttarkashi, Chamoli,
Nainital, Almora and Pithoraharh. Corbett Tiger
Reserve, Givind Pashu Vihar, Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve and Rajaji National Park.
Duttaphrynus stomaticus
(Lutken, 1864)
English Names
Assam Toad, Indo-Gangetic Marbled Toad, Indus
Valley Toad, Marbled Toad.
India
Widely distributed from plains to 2,500 m alti-
tude. Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab and Rajasthan. Andaman and
Nicobar Islands (introduced).
Diagnostic Characters
Adult
Head without bony ridges; tympanum nearly
equal to eye diameter; tongue entire; parotid
glands fl attened; 1st fi nger equal to 2nd or slightly
longer; toes 2/3rd to 3/4th webbed; skin rough
with numerous fl at warts.
Colouration: Marbled above and dirty whitish
below.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller than
female, with single external vocal sac, nuptial
callosities develop on 1st fi nger.
Size: 9.0 cm from snout to vent in length.
Elsewhere
Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,
China (including Hainan, Taiwan), Hong Kong,
Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra; introduced into
Bali, Irian Jaya, Jawa, Kalimantan, Maluku and
Sulawesi), Indo-China, Lao People's Democratic
Republic, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Thailand and Viet Nam. Bhutan (uncertain),
Timor and Papua New Guinea (introduced).
Tadpole
Small with bright silvery-white and brown pig-
mentation on dark head and body, tail mottled
with brown patches.
Habitat and Ecology
Mainly a species of disturbed lowland habitats,
from upper beaches and riverbanks to human-
dominated agricultural and urban areas. It is
uncommon in closed forests. It breeds in still and
slow-fl owing rivers and temporary and perma-
nent ponds and pools. The larvae are found in
still and slow-moving water bodies. Adults are
terrestrial and may be found underground cover
(rocks, leaf litter, logs) and are also associated
with human habitations.
Distribution
Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Maldevta, Raipur road,
Song River at Raiwala, Daudi, Muni-ki-Reti nr
Rishikesh and Rajaji National Park (
partim
).
Western Doon Valley: Asan River at
Badowala, Asan Barrage at Dhalipur, Puni Grant
ne Timli, Timli Forest, Kata Pathar, Kalsi,
Guchhupani (Robber's Cave) and Badshahi
Bagh road.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern.
Threats
There are no major threats to this very adaptable
species. It is sometimes found in the international
pet trade but at levels that do not currently consti-
tute a major threat.
Uttarakhand
Dehra Dun, Tehri, Pauri, Nainital, Almora and
Pithoragarh. Corbett Tiger Reserve and Rajaji
National Park.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search