Worldwide Adherents of All Religions, mid-2008
|
|
|
|
|
LATIN |
|
|
AFRICA |
ASIA |
EUROPE |
AMERICA |
|
Christians |
465,880,000 |
364,106,000 |
583,802,000 |
536,162,000 |
|
Affiliated |
439,561,000 |
359,186,000 |
559,099,000 |
530,146,000 |
|
Roman Catholics |
159,776,000 |
128,901,000 |
275,209,000 |
474,595,000 |
|
Independents |
92,928,000 |
179,166,000 |
21,104,000 |
42,381,000 |
|
Protestants |
130,376,000 |
61,598,000 |
67,829,000 |
56,214,000 |
|
Orthodox |
42,220,000 |
13,951,000 |
190,031,000 |
895,000 |
|
Anglicans |
47,655,000 |
838,000 |
26,241,000 |
875,000 |
|
Marginal Christians |
3,377,000 |
3,062,000 |
4,127,000 |
10,825,000 |
|
Doubly affiliated |
-36,771,000 |
-28,330,000 |
-25,442,000 |
-55,639,000 |
|
Unaffiliated |
26,319,000 |
4,920,000 |
24,703,000 |
6,016,000 |
|
Muslims |
392,636,100 |
992,850,000 |
40,749,000 |
1,830,000 |
|
Hindus |
2,813,000 |
906,190,000 |
1,681,000 |
760,000 |
|
Chinese universists |
38,500 |
385,861,000 |
312,000 |
186,000 |
|
Buddhists |
165,000 |
377,515,000 |
1,792,000 |
767,000 |
|
Ethnoreligionists |
116,125,000 |
147,571,000 |
1,153,000 |
3,654,000 |
|
Neoreligionists |
126,000 |
104,208,000 |
393,000 |
819,000 |
|
Sikhs |
65,100 |
22,592,000 |
475,000 |
6,500 |
|
Jews |
130,000 |
5,750,000 |
1,850,000 |
1,046,000 |
|
Spiritists |
3,500 |
0 |
143,000 |
13,348,000 |
|
Baha’is |
2,229,000 |
3,786,000 |
142,000 |
910,000 |
|
Confucianists |
300 |
6,346,000 |
18,300 |
500 |
|
Jains |
86,600 |
5,378,000 |
18,000 |
0 |
|
Taoists |
0 |
3,365,000 |
0 |
0 |
|
Shintoists |
0 |
2,715,000 |
0 |
8,000 |
|
Zoroastrians |
900 |
152,000 |
5,700 |
0 |
|
Other religionists |
80,000 |
217,000 |
259,000 |
110,000 |
|
Nonreligious |
6,012,000 |
619,845,000 |
82,658,000 |
16,958,000 |
|
Atheists |
614,000 |
126,914,000 |
15,676,000 |
2,839,000 |
|
Total population |
987,005,000 |
4,075,361,000 |
731,127,000 |
579,404,000 |
Continents. These follow current UN demographic terminology, which now divides the world into the six major areas shown above. See United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (New York: UN, 2007), with populations of all continents, regions, and countries covering the period 1950-2050, with 100 variables for every country each year. Note that “Asia” includes the former Soviet Central Asian states, and “Europe” includes all of Russia eastward to the Pacific.
Change rate. This column documents the annual change in 2008 (calculated as an average change from 2005 to 2010) in worldwide religious and nonreligious adherents.
Countries. The last column enumerates sovereign and nonsovereign countries in which each religion or religious grouping has a numerically significant and organized following.
Adherents. As defined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a person’s religion is what he or she professes, confesses, or states that it is. Totals are enumerated for each of the world’s 240 countries following the methodology of the World Christian Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. (2001), and World Christian Trends (2001), using recent censuses, polls, surveys, yearbooks, reports, Web sites, literature, and other data. See the World Christian Database <www.worldchristiandatabase.org> for more detail. Religions (including nonreligious and atheists) are ranked in order of worldwide size in mid-2008.
Total population. UN medium variant figures for mid-2008, as given in World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision.
Alphabetical listing of religions
Atheists. Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including the militantly antireligious (opposed to all religion). In recent years a flurry of books have outlined the Western philosophical and scientific basis for atheism. Ironically, the vast majority of atheists today are found in Asia (primarily Chinese communists).
Buddhists. 56% Mahayana, 38%Theravada (Hinayana), 6%Tantrayana (Lamaism).
Chinese universists. Followers of a unique complex of beliefs and practices that may include universism (yin/yang cosmology with dualities earth/heaven, evil/good, darkness/light), ancestor cult, Confucian ethics, divination, festivals, folk religion, goddess worship, household gods, local deities, mediums, metaphysics, monasteries, neo-Confucianism, popular religion, sacrifices, shamans, spirit writing, and Taoist and Buddhist elements.
Statistical questions on major religious subjects. A third annual source is the total of 27,000 new books each on the religious situation in each single country, as well as some 9,000 printed annual yearbooks or official handbooks. Together, these three major sources of data constitute a massive annual megacensus, though decentralized and uncoordinated. The two tables below combine all these data on religious affiliation. The first table summarizes worldwide adherents by religion. The second goes into more detail for the United States of America. This year one column has been added to the worldwide table: annual change as a growth rate. This allows comparisons between religious traditions: this year the world’s two largest religious communities, Christians and Muslims, increased by 27,473,000 and 25,350,200, respectively, but Christians grew at 1.23%, while Muslims grew at 1.80%. Detail may not add to total given because of rounding.
|
NORTHERN |
|
|
|
CHANGE |
NUMBER OF |
|
AMERICA |
OCEANIA |
WORLD |
% |
RATE (%) |
COUNTRIES |
|
277,089,400 |
27,496,000 |
2,254,535,000 |
33.4 |
1.23 |
240 |
|
221,643,000 |
23,068,000 |
2,132,703,000 |
31.6 |
1.27 |
240 |
|
83,210,000 |
8,727,000 |
1,130,418,000 |
16.7 |
1.14 |
237 |
|
74,085,000 |
1,478,000 |
411,142,000 |
6.1 |
1.88 |
223 |
|
61,119,000 |
8,185,000 |
385,321,000 |
5.7 |
1.48 |
234 |
|
6,679,000 |
776,000 |
254,552,000 |
3.8 |
0.36 |
137 |
|
2,867,000 |
5,046,000 |
83,522,000 |
1.2 |
1.63 |
165 |
|
11,577,000 |
650,000 |
33,618,000 |
0.5 |
1.87 |
218 |
|
-17,894,000 |
-1,794,000 |
-165,870,000 |
-2.5 |
1.29 |
174 |
|
55,446,000 |
4,428,000 |
121,832,000 |
1.8 |
0.64 |
232 |
|
5,556,000 |
460,000 |
1,434,081,100 |
21.2 |
1.80 |
211 |
|
1,756,000 |
471,000 |
913,671,000 |
13.5 |
1.46 |
126 |
|
747,000 |
150,000 |
387,294,500 |
5.7 |
0.65 |
96 |
|
3,504,000 |
575,000 |
384,318,000 |
5.7 |
0.71 |
136 |
|
1,567,000 |
343,000 |
270,413,000 |
4.0 |
1.15 |
145 |
|
1,633,000 |
90,100 |
107,269,100 |
1.6 |
0.70 |
107 |
|
647,000 |
49,700 |
23,835,300 |
0.4 |
1.52 |
44 |
|
6,212,000 |
108,000 |
15,096,000 |
0.2 |
0.98 |
135 |
|
168,000 |
7,400 |
13,669,900 |
0.2 |
1.11 |
56 |
|
660,000 |
141,000 |
7,868,000 |
0.1 |
1.92 |
219 |
|
0 |
53,300 |
6,418,400 |
0.1 |
0.22 |
15 |
|
95,700 |
800 |
5,579,100 |
0.1 |
1.43 |
13 |
|
12,200 |
0 |
3,377,200 |
0.1 |
-0.04 |
5 |
|
61,500 |
0 |
2,784,500 |
0.0 |
0.52 |
8 |
|
20,600 |
1,700 |
180,900 |
0.0 |
-0.33 |
25 |
|
670,000 |
10,000 |
1,346,000 |
0.0 |
1.31 |
79 |
|
39,847,000 |
4,294,000 |
769,614,000 |
11.4 |
0.30 |
239 |
|
1,852,000 |
427,000 |
148,322,000 |
2.2 |
0.05 |
221 |
|
342,098,000 |
34,678,000 |
6,749,673,000 |
100.0 |
1.17 |
240 |
Christians. Followers of Jesus Christ, enumerated here under Affiliated—those affiliated with Christian churches (church members, with names written on church rolls, usually total number of baptized persons including children baptized, dedicated, or undedicated), the total in 2008 being 2,132,703,000, shown above divided among the six standardized ecclesiastical megablocs and with (negative and italicized) figures for those Doubly affiliated persons (all who are baptized members of two denominations)—and Unaffiliated, who are persons professing or confessing in censuses or polls to be Christians though not so affiliated. Independents. This term here denotes members of Christian churches and networks that regard themselves as postdenominationalist and neoapostolic and thus independent of historical, mainstream, organized, institutionalized, confessional, denominationalist Christianity. Marginal Christians. Members of denominations who define themselves as Christians but who are on the margins of organized mainstream Christianity (e.g., Unitarians, Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Christian Scientists, and Religious Scientists).
Confucianists. Non-Chinese followers of Confucius and Confucianism, mostly Koreans in Korea.
Ethnoreligionists. Followers of local, tribal, animistic, or shamanistic religions, with members restricted to one ethnic group.
Hindus. 68% Vaishnavites, 27% Shaivites, 2% neo-Hindus and reform Hindus.
Jews. Adherents of Judaism. For detailed data on “core” Jewish population, see the annual “World Jewish Populations” article in the American Jewish Committee’s American Jewish Year Book.
Muslims. 84% Sunnis, 14% Shiltes, 2% other schools.
Neoreligionists. Followers of Asian 20th-century neoreligions, neoreligious movements, radical new crisis religions, and non-Christian syncretistic mass religions.
Nonreligious. Persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, uninterested, or dere-ligionized secularists indifferent to all religion but not militantly so.
Other religionists. Including a handful of religions, quasi-religions, pseudoreligions, parareligions, religious or mystic systems, and religious and semireligious brotherhoods of numerous varieties.
Religious Adherents in the United States of America, 1900-2005
For categories not described below, see notes to Worldwide Adherents of All Religions, pp. 568-69.
|
|
1900 |
% |
MID-1970 |
% |
MID-1990 |
% |
|
Christians |
73,260,000 |
96.4 |
190,520,000 |
90.7 |
218,720,600 |
85.4 |
|
Affiliated |
54,425,000 |
71.6 |
152,304,000 |
72.5 |
175,885,600 |
68.7 |
|
Independents |
5,850,000 |
7.7 |
35,108,000 |
16.7 |
66,900,000 |
26.1 |
|
Roman Catholics |
10,775,000 |
14.2 |
48,305,000 |
23.0 |
56,500,000 |
22.1 |
|
Protestants |
35,000,000 |
46.1 |
58,568,000 |
27.9 |
60,216,000 |
23.5 |
|
Marginal Christians |
800,000 |
1.1 |
6,114,000 |
2.9 |
8,940,000 |
3.5 |
|
Orthodox |
400,000 |
0.5 |
4,189,000 |
2.0 |
5,150,000 |
2.0 |
|
Anglicans |
1,600,000 |
2.1 |
3,196,000 |
1.5 |
2,450,000 |
1.0 |
|
Doubly affiliated |
0 |
0.0 |
-3,176,000 |
-1.5 |
-24,270,400 |
-9.5 |
|
Evangelicals |
32,068,000 |
42.2 |
35,137,000 |
16.7 |
38,400,000 |
15.0 |
|
evangelicals |
11,000,000 |
14.5 |
45,500,000 |
21.7 |
90,656,000 |
35.4 |
|
Unaffiliated |
18,835,000 |
24.8 |
38,216,000 |
18.2 |
42,835,000 |
16.7 |
|
Jews |
1,500,000 |
2.0 |
6,700,000 |
3.2 |
5,535,000 |
2.2 |
|
Muslims |
10,000 |
0.0 |
800,000 |
0.4 |
3,500,000 |
1.4 |
|
Black Muslims |
0 |
0.0 |
200,000 |
0.1 |
1,250,000 |
0.5 |
|
Buddhists |
30,000 |
0.0 |
200,000 |
0.1 |
1,880,000 |
0.7 |
|
Neoreligionists |
10,000 |
0.0 |
560,000 |
0.3 |
1,155,000 |
0.5 |
|
Ethnoreligionists |
100,000 |
0.1 |
70,000 |
0.0 |
780,000 |
0.3 |
|
Hindus |
1,000 |
0.0 |
100,000 |
0.0 |
750,000 |
0.3 |
|
Baha’is |
2,800 |
0.0 |
138,000 |
0.1 |
600,000 |
0.2 |
|
Sikhs |
0 |
0.0 |
10,000 |
0.0 |
160,000 |
0.1 |
|
Spiritists |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
120,000 |
0.0 |
|
Chinese universists |
70,000 |
0.1 |
90,000 |
0.0 |
76,000 |
0.0 |
|
Jains |
0 |
0.0 |
3,000 |
0.0 |
5,000 |
0.0 |
|
Shintoists |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
50,000 |
0.0 |
|
Zoroastrians |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
14,400 |
0.0 |
|
Taoists |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
10,000 |
0.0 |
|
Other religionists |
10,200 |
0.0 |
450,000 |
0.2 |
530,000 |
0.2 |
|
Nonreligious |
1,000,000 |
1.3 |
10,270,000 |
4.9 |
21,442,000 |
8.4 |
|
Atheists |
1,000 |
0.0 |
200,000 |
0.1 |
770,000 |
0.3 |
|
US population |
75,995,000 |
100.0 |
210,111,000 |
100.0 |
256,098,000 |
100.0 |
Methodology. This table extracts and analyzes a microcosm of the world religion table. It depicts the United States, the country with the largest number of adherents to Christianity, the world’s largest religion. Statistics at five points in time from 1900 to 2005 are presented. Each religion’s Annual Change for 2000-05 is also analyzed by Natural increase (births minus deaths, plus immigrants minus emigrants) per year and Conversion increase (new converts minus new defectors) per year, which together constitute the Total increase per year. Rate increase is then computed as a percentage per year.
Structure. Vertically the table lists 30 major religious categories. The major categories (including nonreligious) in the US are listed, with the largest (Christians) first. Indented names of groups in the adherents column on the far left are subcategories of the groups above them and are also counted in these unindented totals, so they should not be added twice into the column total. Figures in italics draw adherents from all categories of Christians above and so cannot be added together with them. Figures for Christians are built upon detailed head counts by churches, often to the last digit, and the totals are then rounded to the nearest 1,000. Because of rounding, the corresponding percentage figures may sometimes not total exactly 100%. Religions are ranked in order of size in 2005.
Christians. All persons who profess publicly to follow Jesus Christ as God and Savior. This category is subdivided into Affiliated Christians (church members) and Unaffiliated (nominal) Christians (professing Christians not affiliated with any church). See also the note on Christians to the world religion table. The first six lines under “Affiliated” Christians are ranked by size in 2005 of each of the 6 megablocs (Anglican, Independent, Marginal Christian, Orthodox, Protestant, and Roman Catholic).
Evangelicals/evangelicals. These two designations-italicized and enumerated separately here-cut across all of the six Christian traditions or ecclesiastical blocs listed above and should be considered separately from them. The Evangelicals (capital E) are mainly Protestant churches, agencies, and individuals who call themselves by this term (for example, members of the National Association of Evangelicals); they usually emphasize 5 or more of 7, 9, or 21 fundamental doctrines (salvation by faith, personal acceptance, verbal inspiration of Scripture, depravity of man, Virgin Birth, miracles of Christ, atonement, evangelism, Second Advent, et al.). The evangelicals (lowercase e) are Christians of evangelical conviction from all traditions who are committed to the evangel (gospel) and involved in personal witness and mission in the world.
Jews. Core Jewish population relating to Judaism, excluding Jewish persons professing a different religion.
Other categories. Definitions are as given under the world religion table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANNUAL CHANGE, 2000-05 |
|
|
|
MID-2000 |
% |
MID-2005 |
% |
NATURAL |
CONVERSION |
TOTAL |
RATE (%) |
|
235,268,500 |
82.6 |
244,828,200 |
81.7 |
2,475,900 |
-564,000 |
1,911,900 |
0.80 |
|
188,174,800 |
66.1 |
195,982,500 |
65.4 |
1,980,300 |
-418,800 |
1,561,500 |
0.82 |
|
67,128,000 |
23.6 |
70,389,000 |
23.5 |
706,400 |
-54,200 |
652,200 |
0.95 |
|
62,970,000 |
22.1 |
67,902,000 |
22.6 |
662,700 |
323,700 |
986,400 |
1.52 |
|
57,544,000 |
20.2 |
57,105,000 |
19.0 |
605,600 |
-693,400 |
-87,800 |
-0.15 |
|
10,087,000 |
3.5 |
10,680,000 |
3.6 |
106,200 |
12,400 |
118,600 |
1.15 |
|
5,331,000 |
1.9 |
5,677,000 |
1.9 |
56,100 |
13,100 |
69,200 |
1.27 |
|
2,300,000 |
0.8 |
2,248,000 |
0.7 |
24,200 |
-34,600 |
-10,400 |
-0.46 |
|
-17,185,200 |
-6.0 |
-18,018,500 |
-6.0 |
-180,900 |
14,200 |
-166,700 |
0.95 |
|
39,938,000 |
14.0 |
40,633,000 |
13.6 |
420,300 |
-281,300 |
139,000 |
0.35 |
|
95,900,000 |
33.7 |
101,603,000 |
33.9 |
1,009,200 |
131,400 |
1,140,600 |
1.16 |
|
47,093,700 |
16.5 |
48,845,700 |
16.3 |
495,600 |
-145,200 |
350,400 |
0.73 |
|
5,656,000 |
2.0 |
5,761,000 |
1.9 |
59,500 |
-38,500 |
21,000 |
0.37 |
|
4,322,000 |
1.5 |
4,750,200 |
1.6 |
45,500 |
40,100 |
85,600 |
1.91 |
|
1,650,000 |
0.6 |
1,850,000 |
0.6 |
17,400 |
22,600 |
40,000 |
2.31 |
|
2,594,000 |
0.9 |
2,811,000 |
0.9 |
27,300 |
16,100 |
43,400 |
1.62 |
|
1,418,000 |
0.5 |
1,498,000 |
0.5 |
14,900 |
1,100 |
16,000 |
1.10 |
|
1,336,000 |
0.5 |
1,424,000 |
0.5 |
14,100 |
3,500 |
17,600 |
1.28 |
|
1,238,000 |
0.4 |
1,338,000 |
0.4 |
13,000 |
7,000 |
20,000 |
1.57 |
|
552,000 |
0.2 |
593,000 |
0.2 |
5,800 |
2,400 |
8,200 |
1.44 |
|
239,000 |
0.1 |
270,000 |
0.1 |
2,500 |
3,700 |
6,200 |
2.47 |
|
142,000 |
0.0 |
149,000 |
0.0 |
1,500 |
-100 |
1,400 |
0.97 |
|
80,300 |
0.0 |
86,700 |
0.0 |
800 |
500 |
1,300 |
1.55 |
|
74,100 |
0.0 |
79,500 |
0.0 |
800 |
300 |
1,100 |
1.42 |
|
57,500 |
0.0 |
60,600 |
0.0 |
600 |
0 |
600 |
1.06 |
|
16,200 |
0.0 |
17,000 |
0.0 |
200 |
0 |
200 |
0.97 |
|
11,400 |
0.0 |
12,000 |
0.0 |
100 |
0 |
100 |
1.03 |
|
577,000 |
0.2 |
600,000 |
0.2 |
6,100 |
-1,500 |
4,600 |
0.78 |
|
30,127,000 |
10.6 |
34,401,000 |
11.5 |
317,100 |
537,700 |
854,800 |
2.69 |
|
1,148,000 |
0.4 |
1,167,000 |
0.4 |
12,100 |
-8,300 |
3,800 |
0.33 |
|
284,857,000 |
100.0 |
299,846,000 |
100.0 |
2,998,000 |
0 |
2,998,000 |
1.03 |
The first sale of a military airplane was made on 8 Feb 1908, when Orville and Wilbur Wright contracted to supply one Wright Model A flyer to the US Army Signal Corps, plus a US$5,000 bonus should it exceed the speed requirement of 40 miles (65 km) per hour. The next year the plane completed its trial flights and met the condition for the bonus.
World Religions
Indigenous religion of Japan and has no founder, sacred scriptures, or fixed dogmas. Also based in Asia, Chinese folk religionists are followers of local deities and engage in ancestor worship and divination. They also adhere to Confucian ethics, though statistically Confucianists are categorized as non-Chinese (mostly Korean) followers of Confucius, a Chinese philosopher of the 6th century bc. Confucianism is not an organized religion as much as it is a political and social ideology. Also in the Confucian tradition, a Taoist seeks the correct path of human conduct and an understanding of the Absolute Tao.
Zoroastrianism is an ancient pre-Islamic religion of Iran that survives there and in India. It was founded by the Iranian prophet Zoroaster in the 6th century bc and has both monotheistic and dualistic features. Also founded in Iran is the Baha’i faith, created as a universal religion in the mid-19th century AD for the worship of Baha’ Ullah and his forerunner, the Bab; it has no priesthood or formal sacraments and is chiefly concerned with social ethics.
Jainism was founded in India in the 6th century bc by Vardhamana, or Mahavira, a monastic reformer in the Vedic, or early Hindu, tradition. Jainism emphasizes a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through a disciplined mode of life founded upon the tradition of ahimsa, nonviolence to all living creatures.
Sikhism is a monotheistic religion founded in the late 15th century ad in India, historically associated with the Punjab region, though it includes representation in Europe and North America.
Judaism, like Christianity and Islam, is monotheistic and maintains the manifestation of God in human events, particularly through Moses in the Torah at Mount Sinai in the 13th century BCE. Jews, who come together in both religious and ethnic communities, have worldwide representation, with the greatest concentration in North America and the Middle East.
According to Roman Catholic doctrine, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, who was head of the Apostles. The pope thus is seen to have full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the universal church in matters of faith and morals, as well as in church discipline and government. Until the 4th century, the popes were usually known only as bishops of Rome. From 1309-77, the popes’ seat was at Avignon, France. In the table, antipopes, who opposed the legitimately elected bishop of Rome and endeavored to secure the papal throne, are listed in italics. The elections of several antipopes are greatly obscured by incomplete or biased records, and at times even their contemporaries could not decide who was the true pope. It is impossible, therefore, to establish an absolutely definitive list of antipopes.
|
POPE |
REIGN |
POPE |
REIGN |
POPE |
REIGN |
|
|
Peter |
?-c. 64 |
Anastasius II |
496- |
498 |
Valentine |
827 |
|
Linus |
c. 67-76/79 |
Symmachus |
498- |
-514 |
Gregory IV |
827-844 |
|
Anacletus |
76-88 or |
Laurentius |
498, 501- |
John |
844 |
|
|
|
79-91 |
|
c. 505/507 |
Sergius II |
844-847 |
|
|
Clement I |
88-97 or |
Hormisdas |
514- |
523 |
Leo IV |
847-855 |
|
|
92-101 |
John I |
523- |
526 |
Benedict III |
855-858 |
|
Evaristus |
c. 97-c. 107 |
Felix IV (or III)2 |
526- |
530 |
Anastasius |
855 |
|
Alexander I |
105-115 or |
Dioscorus |
|
530 |
(Anastasius |
|
|
|
109-119 |
Boniface II |
530- |
532 |
the Librarian) |
|
|
Sixtus I |
c. 115-c. 125 |
John II |
533- |
535 |
Nicholas I |
858-867 |
|
Telesphorus |
c. 125-c. 136 |
Agapetus I |
535- |
536 |
Adrian II |
867-872 |
|
Hyginus |
c. 136-c. 140 |
Silverius |
536- |
537 |
John VIII |
872-882 |
|
Pius I |
c. 140-155 |
Vigilius |
537- |
555 |
Marinus I |
882-884 |
|
Anicetus |
c. 155-c. 166 |
Pelagius I |
556- |
561 |
Adrian III |
884-885 |
|
Soter |
c. 166-c. 175 |
John III |
561- |
574 |
Stephen V (or VI)2 |
885-891 |
|
Eleutherius |
c. 175-189 |
Benedict I |
575- |
579 |
Formosus |
891-896 |
|
Victor I |
c. 189-199 |
Pelagius II |
579- |
590 |
Boniface VI |
896 |
|
Zephyrinus |
c. 199-217 |
Gregory I |
590- |
604 |
Stephen VI (or VII)2 |
896 |
|
Calixtus I |
217?-222 |
Sabinian |
604- |
606 |
Romanus |
897 |
|
(Callistus) |
|
Boniface III |
|
604 |
Theodore II |
897 |
|
Hippolytus |
217, 218-235 |
Boniface IV |
608- |
615 |
John IX |
898-900 |
|
Urban I |
222-230 |
Deusdedit |
615- |
618 |
Benedict IV |
900 |
|
Pontian |
230-235 |
(Adeodatus I) |
|
|
Leo V |
903 |
|
Anterus |
235-236 |
Boniface V |
619- |
625 |
Christopher |
903-904 |
|
Fabian |
236-250 |
Honorius I |
625- |
638 |
Sergius III |
904-911 |
|
Cornelius |
251-253 |
Severinus |
|
640 |
Anastasius III |
911-913 |
|
Novatian |
251 |
John IV |
640- |
642 |
Lando |
913-914 |
|
Lucius I |
253-254 |
Theodore I |
642- |
649 |
John X |
914-928 |
|
Stephen I |
254-257 |
Martin I |
649- |
655 |
Leo VI |
928 |
|
Sixtus II |
257-258 |
Eugenius I |
654- |
657 |
Stephen VII (or VIII)2 |
929-931 |
|
Dionysius |
259-268 |
Vitalian |
657- |
672 |
John XI |
931-935 |
|
Felix I |
269-274 |
Adeodatus II |
672- |
676 |
Leo VII |
936-939 |
|
Eutychian |
275-283 |
Donus |
676- |
678 |
Stephen VIII (or IX)2 |
939-942 |
|
Gaius |
283-296 |
Agatho |
678- |
681 |
Marinus II |
942-946 |
|
Marcellinus |
291/296-304 |
Leo II |
682- |
683 |
Agapetus II |
946-955 |
|
Marcellus I |
308-309 |
Benedict II |
684- |
685 |
John XII |
955-964 |
|
Eusebius |
309/310 |
John V |
685- |
686 |
Leo VIII3 |
963-965 |
|
Miltiades |
311-314 |
Conon |
686- |
687 |
Benedict V3 |
964-966? |
|
(Melchiades) |
|
Sergius I |
687- |
701 |
John XIII |
965-972 |
|
Sylvester I |
314-335 |
Theodor |
|
687 |
Benedict VI |
973-974 |
|
Mark |
336 |
Paschal |
|
687 |
Boniface VII |
974 |
|
Julius I |
337-352 |
John VI |
701- |
705 |
(1st time) |
|
|
Liberius |
352-366 |
John VI |
705- |
707 |
Benedict VII |
974-983 |
|
Felix (II) |
355-358 |
Sisinnius |
|
708 |
John XIV |
983-984 |
|
Damasus I |
366-384 |
Constantine |
708- |
-715 |
Boniface VII |
984-985 |
|
Ursinus |
366-367 |
Gregory II |
715- |
731 |
(2nd time) |
|
|
Siricius |
384-399 |
Gregory III |
731- |
741 |
John XV (or XVI)4 |
985-996 |
|
Anastasius I |
399-401 |
Zacharias (Zachary) |
741- |
752 |
Gregory V |
996-999 |
|
Innocent I |
401-417 |
Stephen (II)2 |
|
752 |
John XVI (or XVII)4 |
997-998 |
|
Zosimus |
417-418 |
Stephen II (or III)2 |
752- |
757 |
Sylvester II |
999-1003 |
|
Boniface I |
418-422 |
Paul I |
757- |
767 |
John XVII (or XVIII)4 |
1003 |
|
Eulalius |
418-419 |
Constantine (II) |
767- |
768 |
John XVIII (or XIX)4 |
1004-09 |
|
Celestine I |
422-432 |
Philip |
|
768 |
Sergius IV |
1009-12 |
|
Sixtus III |
432-440 |
Stephen III (or IV)2 |
768- |
772 |
Gregory (VI) |
1012 |
|
Leo I |
440-461 |
Adrian I |
772- |
795 |
Benedict VIII |
1012-24 |
|
Hilary |
461-468 |
Leo III |
795- |
816 |
John XIX (or XX)4 |
1024-32 |
|
Simplicius |
468-483 |
Stephen IV (or V)2 |
816- |
817 |
Benedict IX |
1032-44 |
|
Felix III (or II)1 |
483-492 |
Paschal I |
817- |
824 |
(1st time) |
|
|
Gelasius I |
492-496 |
Eugenius II |
824- |
827 |
Sylvester III |
1045 |
|
POPE |
REIGN |
POPE |
REIGN |
POPE |
REIGN |
|
Benedict IX |
1045 |
Clement IV |
1265-68 |
Innocent VIII |
1484-92 |
|
(2nd time) |
|
Gregory X |
1271-76 |
Alexander VI |
1492-1503 |
|
Gregory VI |
1045-46 |
Innocent V |
1276 |
Pius III |
1503 |
|
Clement II |
1046-47 |
Adrian V |
1276 |
Julius II |
1503-13 |
|
Benedict IX |
107-48 |
John XXI4 |
1276-77 |
Leo X |
1513-21 |
|
(3rd time) |
|
Nicholas III |
1277-80 |
Adrian VI |
1522-23 |
|
Damasus II |
1048 |
Martin IV5 |
1281-85 |
Clement VII |
1523-34 |
|
Leo IX |
1049-54 |
Honorius IV |
1285-87 |
Paul III |
1534-49 |
|
Victor II |
1055-57 |
Nicholas IV |
1288-92 |
Julius III |
1550-55 |
|
Stephen IX (or X)2 |
1057-58 |
Celestine V |
1294 |
Marcellus II |
1555 |
|
Benedict X |
1058-59 |
Boniface VIII |
1294-1303 |
Paul IV |
1555-59 |
|
Nicholas II |
1059-61 |
Benedict XI |
1303-04 |
Pius IV |
1559-65 |
|
Alexander II |
1061-73 |
Clement V (at |
1305-14 |
Pius V |
1566-72 |
|
Honorius (II) |
1061-72 |
Avignon from |
|
Gregory XIII |
1572-85 |
|
Gregory VII |
1073-85 |
1309) |
|
Sixtus V |
1585-90 |
|
Clement (III) |
1080-1100 |
John XXII4 |
1316-34 |
Urban VII |
1590 |
|
Victor III |
1086-87 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Gregory XIV |
1590-91 |
|
Urban II |
1088-99 |
Nicholas (V) |
1328-30 |
Innocent IX |
1591 |
|
Paschal II |
1099-1118 |
(at Rome) |
|
Clement VIII |
1592-1605 |
|
Theodoric |
1100-02 |
Benedict XII |
1334-42 |
Leo XI |
1605 |
|
Albert (Aleric) |
1102 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Paul V |
1605-21 |
|
Sylvester (IV) |
1105-11 |
Clement VI |
1342-52 |
Gregory XV |
1621-23 |
|
Gelasius II |
1118-19 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Urban VIII |
1623-44 |
|
Gregory (VIII) |
1118-21 |
Innocent VI |
1352-62 |
Innocent X |
1644-55 |
|
Calixtus II |
1119-24 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Alexander VII |
1655-67 |
|
(Callistus) |
|
Urban V |
1362-70 |
Clement IX |
1667-69 |
|
Honorius II |
1124-30 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Clement X |
1670-76 |
|
Celestine (II) |
1124 |
Gregory XI |
1370-78 |
Innocent XI |
1676-89 |
|
Innocent II |
1130-43 |
(at Avignon, then |
|
Alexander VIII |
1689-91 |
|
Anacletus (II) |
1130-38 |
Rome from 1377) |
|
Innocent XII |
1691-1700 |
|
Victor (IV) |
1138 |
Urban VI |
1378-89 |
Clement XI |
1700-21 |
|
Celestine II |
1143-44 |
Clement (VII) |
1378-94 |
Innocent XIII |
1721-24 |
|
Lucius II |
1144-45 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Benedict XIII |
1724-30 |
|
Eugenius III |
1145-53 |
Boniface IX |
1389-1404 |
Clement XII |
1730-40 |
|
Anastasius IV |
1153-54 |
Benedict (XIII) |
1394-1423 |
Benedict XIV |
1740-58 |
|
Adrian IV |
1154-59 |
(at Avignon) |
|
Clement XIII |
1758-69 |
|
Alexander III |
1159-81 |
Innocent VII |
1404-06 |
Clement XIV |
1769-74 |
|
Victor (IV) |
1159-64 |
Gregory XII |
1406-15 |
Pius VI |
1775-99 |
|
Paschal (III) |
1164-68 |
Alexander (V) |
1409-10 |
Pius VII |
1800-23 |
|
Calixtus (III) |
1168-78 |
(at Bologna) |
|
Leo XII |
1823-29 |
|
Innocent (III) |
1179-80 |
John (XXIII) |
1410-5 |
Pius VIII |
1829-30 |
|
Lucius III |
1181-85 |
(at Bologna) |
|
Gregory XVI |
1831-46 |
|
Urban III |
1185-87 |
Martin V5 |
1417-31 |
Pius IX |
1846-78 |
|
Gregory VIII |
1187 |
Clement (VIII) |
1423-29 |
Leo XIII |
1878-1903 |
|
Clement III |
1187-91 |
Eugenius IV |
1431-47 |
Pius X |
1903-14 |
|
Celestine III |
1191-98 |
Felix (V) (Amadeus |
1439-49 |
Benedict XV |
1914-22 |
|
Innocent III |
1198-1216 |
VIII of Savoy) |
|
Pius XI |
1922-39 |
|
Honorius III |
1216-27 |
Nicholas V |
1447-55 |
Pius XII |
1939-58 |
|
Gregory IX |
1227-41 |
Calixtus III |
1455-58 |
John XXIII |
1958-63 |
|
Celestine IV |
1241 |
(Callistus) |
|
Paul VI |
1963-78 |
|
Innocent IV |
1243-54 |
Pius II |
1458-64 |
John Paul I |
1978 |
|
Alexander IV |
1254-61 |
Paul II |
1464-71 |
John Paul II |
1978-2005 |
|
Urban IV |
1261-64 |
Sixtus IV |
1471-84 |
Benedict XVI |
2005- |
