National Libraries of the World
The national libraries listed below are generally open to the public. National libraries are usually the primary repository for a nation’s printed works.
|
|
YEAR |
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS, |
LIBRARY |
LOCATION |
FOUNDED1 |
ARCHIVES, PAPERS |
Biblioteca Nacional de Espana |
Madrid, Spain |
1836 |
manuscripts, Miguel de Cervantes |
Biblioteca Nacional de la |
Buenos Aires |
1810 |
Arturo Frondizi |
Republica Argentina |
|
|
|
Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico |
Mexico City |
1867 |
Jesuit works, early Mexican printing |
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal |
Lisbon |
1796 |
Lufs de Camoes, Desiderius Erasmus |
Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela |
Caracas |
1833 |
politics and diplomacy, Simon Bolivar |
Biblioteca Nazionale |
Florence, Italy |
1861 |
Reformation, Galileo Galilei |
Centrale di Firenze |
|
|
|
Biblioteca Nazionale |
Rome, Italy |
1876 |
Jesuit collections, Gabriele D’Annunzio |
Centrale di Roma |
|
|
|
Biblioteka Narodowa |
Warsaw, Poland |
1928 |
engravings, music |
Bibliotheca Alexandrina |
Alexandria, Egypt |
20022 |
ancient manuscripts, Egyptian heritage |
Bibliotheque et Archives |
Montreal, QC, |
2004 |
artists’ books, maps |
Nationales du Quebec |
Canada |
|
|
Bibliotheque Nationale de France |
Paris |
1461 |
Denis Diderot, Jean-Paul Sartre |
British Library |
London |
19733 |
Charles Dickens, George B. Shaw |
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek |
Germany |
2006 |
bibliographies, exile literature (1933-45) |
Frankfurt am Main |
|
|
|
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek |
Germany |
2006 |
socialism, Anne-Frank-Shoah-Bibliothek |
Leipzig |
|
|
|
Fundagao Biblioteca Nacional |
Rio de Janeiro, |
1810 |
botany, Latin American music |
Jewish National and University |
Brazil Jerusalem, Israel |
1892 |
world Jewish history, Albert Einstein |
Library |
|
|
|
Koninklijke Bibliotheek |
The Hague, |
1798 |
Hugo Grotius, Constantijn Huygens |
|
Netherlands |
|
|
Library and Archives Canada |
Ottawa |
2004 |
hockey, portraits of Canadians |
Library of Congress |
Washington DC |
1800 |
Americana, folk music, early motion pictures |
Milli Kutuphane |
Ankara, Turkey |
1948 |
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
National Agricultural Library |
Beltsville MD |
1962 |
research reports |
National Diet Library4 |
Tokyo, Japan |
1948 |
Japanese culture, Allied occupation |
National Library of Australia |
Canberra |
1960 |
Asian and Pacific area |
National Library of China5 |
Beijing |
1909 |
art, early communism |
National Library of Education |
Washington DC |
1994 |
research reports |
National Library of Greece6 |
Athens |
18667 |
incunabula |
National Library of India |
Kolkata (Calcutta) |
1903 |
rare journals of vernacular languages |
National Library of Ireland |
Dublin |
1877 |
biography, Gaelic manuscripts |
National Library of Medicine |
Bethesda MD |
1956 |
history of medicine |
National Library of New Zealand8 |
Wellington |
1965 |
European exploration, missionary activity |
National Library of Pakistan |
Islamabad |
1993 |
manuscripts, censuses |
National Library of the Philippines |
Manila |
1901 |
presidential papers |
National Library of Russia9 |
St. Petersburg |
1795 |
rare books, Russian history |
National Library of Scotland |
Edinburgh |
1925 |
mountaineering, witchcraft |
This table provides comparative data about the education systems in 30 selected countries. Definitions as well as information gathering and reporting methods vary widely from country to country, so the statistics presented here are not always exactly comparable.
Compulsory education = the number of years of education and ages of pupils required by the system; enrollment ratio = the actual number of children attending primary school or secondary school as a percentage of all children in the primary school or secondary school age group as defined by the country (number may exceed 100%); enrollment ratio for higher education = total enrollment in higher education, regardless of age, as a percentage of all persons of school-leaving age to five years thereafter; student/teacher ratio = number of pupils or students per teacher at each level; expenditure = total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in 2006.
National Libraries of the World
|
YEAR |
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS, |
LIBRARY |
LOCATION FOUNDED |
ARCHIVES, PAPERS |
National Library of South Africa |
Pretoria; Cape Town 1999 |
Africana, cookery |
National Library of Sweden10 |
Stockholm 1661 |
Scandinavian cartography and manuscripts |
National Library of Wales |
Aberystwyth 1907 |
publications of overseas Welsh settlements |
|
% LITERACY RATE OF |
COMPULSORY |
ENROLLMENT |
STUDENT/TEACHER |
EXPEN- |
|||||||||
|
THOSE 15 AND OLDER |
EDUCATION |
RATIO (2006) |
RATIO (2004) |
DITURE |
|||||||||
COUNTRY |
YEAR |
TOTAL |
M |
F |
# YEARS |
AGES |
PRI. |
SEC. |
HIGHER |
PRI. |
SEC. |
HIGHER |
|
|
Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Egypt |
2007 |
72.0 |
83.6 |
60.7 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
103 |
881 |
352 |
21.43 |
13.73 |
- |
4.2 |
Kenya |
2002 |
84.3 |
90.0 |
78.5 |
8 |
6- |
13 |
106 |
50 |
31 |
32.93 |
18.63 |
- |
6.9 |
Senegal |
2007 |
42.6 |
53.1 |
32.3 |
6 |
7- |
12 |
80 |
24 |
62 |
43.2 |
26.4 |
24.62 |
5.0 |
South Africa |
2007 |
88.0 |
88.9 |
87.2 |
9 |
7- |
15 |
1061 |
951 |
15 |
33.83 |
29.63 |
16.73 |
5.4 |
Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
2007 |
93.3 |
96.5 |
90.0 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
111 |
76 |
22 |
20.0 |
18.6 |
15.5 |
1.94 |
India |
2007 |
66.0 |
76.9 |
54.5 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
112 |
542 |
12 |
41.3 |
32.0 |
26.4 |
3.22 |
Indonesia |
2007 |
91.4 |
94.9 |
88.0 |
9 |
7- |
15 |
114 |
64 |
17 |
20.33 |
14.23 |
14.73 |
3.6 |
Iran |
2007 |
84.7 |
90.0 |
79.4 |
5 |
6- |
10 |
118 |
812 |
27 |
22.6 |
24.2 |
- |
5.1 |
Israel |
2003 |
95.4 |
97.3 |
93.6 |
11 |
5- |
15 |
110 |
92 |
58 |
12.02 |
6.22 |
- |
6.91 |
Japan |
2007 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
10 |
6- |
15 |
100 |
101 |
57 |
17.32 |
14.52 |
17.82 |
3.52 |
Philippines |
2007 |
93.4 |
93.1 |
93.7 |
7 |
6- |
12 |
110 |
83 |
28 |
35.5 |
40.8 |
22.13 |
2.52 |
Saudi Arabia |
2007 |
85.0 |
89.1 |
79.4 |
6 |
6- |
11 |
543 |
535 |
29 |
11.32 |
11.02 |
48.82 |
6.81 |
Thailand |
2007 |
94.1 |
95.9 |
92.6 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
108 |
78 |
46 |
20.5 |
23.2 |
34.3 |
4.22 |
Turkey |
2007 |
88.7 |
96.2 |
81.2 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
94 |
79 |
35 |
26.96 |
20.76 |
25.77 |
4.01 |
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
France |
1995 |
98.8 |
98.9 |
98.7 |
11 |
6- |
16 |
110 |
114 |
56 |
10.97 |
10.37 |
25.47 |
5.72 |
Germany |
1998 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
13 |
6- |
18 |
103 |
101 |
513 35.37 |
23.57 |
12.17 |
4.61 |
|
Greece |
2007 |
97.1 |
98.2 |
96.0 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
102 |
103 |
95 |
11.07 |
9.27 |
13.57 |
4.42 |
Italy |
2007 |
98.9 |
99.1 |
98.6 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
103 |
100 |
67 |
10.83 |
14.53 |
21.93 |
4.52 |
Poland |
2007 |
99.3 |
99.6 |
99.0 |
9 |
7- |
15 |
98 |
100 |
66 |
13.36 |
14.06 |
19.46 |
5.52 |
Russia |
2007 |
99.5 |
99.7 |
99.4 |
10 |
6- |
15 |
96 |
84 |
72 |
- |
- |
17.96 |
3.82 |
Sweden |
2000 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
10 |
7- |
16 |
96 |
103 |
79 |
9.52 |
9.22 |
11.43 |
7.12 |
United Kingdom |
2006 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
12 |
5- |
16 |
105 |
98 |
59 |
21.37 |
16.07 |
19.73 |
5.62 |
Latin America |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
2007 |
97.6 |
97.6 |
97.7 |
10 |
5- |
14 |
1122 |
842 |
642 15.28 |
18.78 |
10.28 |
3.81 |
|
Brazil |
2007 |
90.5 |
90.1 |
90.9 |
8 |
7- |
14 |
1372 |
1052 |
252 |
21.53 |
18.63 |
19.63 |
4.01 |
Cuba |
2007 |
99.8 |
99.8 |
99.8 |
9 |
6- |
14 |
101 |
94 |
88 |
10.66 |
10.16 |
14.66 |
9.1 |
Mexico |
2007 |
92.4 |
94.4 |
90.6 |
10 |
6- |
15 |
113 |
87 |
26 |
24.35 |
16.05 |
9.95 |
5.52 |
Peru |
2007 |
90.5 |
95.2 |
85.8 |
11 |
6- |
16 |
116 |
94 |
35 |
22.2 |
16.6 |
- |
2.5 |
North America |
\ |
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada |
2005 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
11 |
6- |
16 |
1001 |
1171 |
621 |
17.45 |
18.4 |
19.81 |
5.25 |
United States |
1998 |
95.5 |
95.7 |
95.3 |
12 |
6- |
17 |
98 |
94 |
82 |
- |
- |
13.57 |
5.32 |
Oceania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ |
Australia |
2006 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
11 |
5- |
15 |
105 |
150 |
73 |
16.07 |
12.17 |
10.67 |
4.52 |