Scholarship (world)

National Libraries of the World

The national libraries listed below are generally open to the public. National libraries are usually the primary repository for a nation’s printed works.

 

 

YEAR

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS,

LIBRARY

LOCATION

FOUNDED1

ARCHIVES, PAPERS

Biblioteca Nacional de Espana

Madrid, Spain

1836

manuscripts, Miguel de Cervantes

Biblioteca Nacional de la

Buenos Aires

1810

Arturo Frondizi

Republica Argentina

 

 


 

Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico

Mexico City

1867

Jesuit works, early Mexican printing

Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

Lisbon

1796

Lufs de Camoes, Desiderius Erasmus

Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela

Caracas

1833

politics and diplomacy, Simon Bolivar

Biblioteca Nazionale

Florence, Italy

1861

Reformation, Galileo Galilei

Centrale di Firenze

 

 

 

Biblioteca Nazionale

Rome, Italy

1876

Jesuit collections, Gabriele D’Annunzio

Centrale di Roma

 

 

 

Biblioteka Narodowa

Warsaw, Poland

1928

engravings, music

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Alexandria, Egypt

20022

ancient manuscripts, Egyptian heritage

Bibliotheque et Archives

Montreal, QC,

2004

artists’ books, maps

Nationales du Quebec

Canada

 

 

Bibliotheque Nationale de France

Paris

1461

Denis Diderot, Jean-Paul Sartre

British Library

London

19733

Charles Dickens, George B. Shaw

Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

Germany

2006

bibliographies, exile literature (1933-45)

Frankfurt am Main

 

 

 

Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

Germany

2006

socialism, Anne-Frank-Shoah-Bibliothek

Leipzig

 

 

 

Fundagao Biblioteca Nacional

Rio de Janeiro,

1810

botany, Latin American music

Jewish National and University

Brazil Jerusalem, Israel

1892

world Jewish history, Albert Einstein

Library

 

 

 

Koninklijke Bibliotheek

The Hague,

1798

Hugo Grotius, Constantijn Huygens

 

Netherlands

 

 

Library and Archives Canada

Ottawa

2004

hockey, portraits of Canadians

Library of Congress

Washington DC

1800

Americana, folk music, early motion pictures

Milli Kutuphane

Ankara, Turkey

1948

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

National Agricultural Library

Beltsville MD

1962

research reports

National Diet Library4

Tokyo, Japan

1948

Japanese culture, Allied occupation

National Library of Australia

Canberra

1960

Asian and Pacific area

National Library of China5

Beijing

1909

art, early communism

National Library of Education

Washington DC

1994

research reports

National Library of Greece6

Athens

18667

incunabula

National Library of India

Kolkata (Calcutta)

1903

rare journals of vernacular languages

National Library of Ireland

Dublin

1877

biography, Gaelic manuscripts

National Library of Medicine

Bethesda MD

1956

history of medicine

National Library of New Zealand8

Wellington

1965

European exploration, missionary activity

National Library of Pakistan

Islamabad

1993

manuscripts, censuses

National Library of the Philippines

Manila

1901

presidential papers

National Library of Russia9

St. Petersburg

1795

rare books, Russian history

National Library of Scotland

Edinburgh

1925

mountaineering, witchcraft

This table provides comparative data about the education systems in 30 selected countries. Definitions as well as information gathering and reporting methods vary widely from country to country, so the statistics presented here are not always exactly comparable.

Compulsory education = the number of years of education and ages of pupils required by the system; enrollment ratio = the actual number of children attending primary school or secondary school as a percentage of all children in the primary school or secondary school age group as defined by the country (number may exceed 100%); enrollment ratio for higher education = total enrollment in higher education, regardless of age, as a percentage of all persons of school-leaving age to five years thereafter; student/teacher ratio = number of pupils or students per teacher at each level; expenditure = total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in 2006.

National Libraries of the World

 

YEAR

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS,

LIBRARY

LOCATION FOUNDED

ARCHIVES, PAPERS

National Library of South Africa

Pretoria; Cape Town 1999

Africana, cookery

National Library of Sweden10

Stockholm 1661

Scandinavian cartography and manuscripts

National Library of Wales

Aberystwyth 1907

publications of overseas Welsh settlements

World Education Profile

 

% LITERACY RATE OF

COMPULSORY

ENROLLMENT

STUDENT/TEACHER

EXPEN-

 

THOSE 15 AND OLDER

EDUCATION

RATIO (2006)

RATIO (2004)

DITURE

COUNTRY

YEAR

TOTAL

M

F

#

YEARS

AGES

PRI.

SEC.

HIGHER

PRI.

SEC.

HIGHER

 

Africa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Egypt

2007

72.0

83.6

60.7

9

6-

14

103

881

352

21.43

13.73

-

4.2

Kenya

2002

84.3

90.0

78.5

8

6-

13

106

50

31

32.93

18.63

-

6.9

Senegal

2007

42.6

53.1

32.3

6

7-

12

80

24

62

43.2

26.4

24.62

5.0

South Africa

2007

88.0

88.9

87.2

9

7-

15

1061

951

15

33.83

29.63

16.73

5.4

Asia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

China

2007

93.3

96.5

90.0

9

6-

14

111

76

22

20.0

18.6

15.5

1.94

India

2007

66.0

76.9

54.5

9

6-

14

112

542

12

41.3

32.0

26.4

3.22

Indonesia

2007

91.4

94.9

88.0

9

7-

15

114

64

17

20.33

14.23

14.73

3.6

Iran

2007

84.7

90.0

79.4

5

6-

10

118

812

27

22.6

24.2

-

5.1

Israel

2003

95.4

97.3

93.6

11

5-

15

110

92

58

12.02

6.22

-

6.91

Japan

2007

100.0

100.0

100.0

10

6-

15

100

101

57

17.32

14.52

17.82

3.52

Philippines

2007

93.4

93.1

93.7

7

6-

12

110

83

28

35.5

40.8

22.13

2.52

Saudi Arabia

2007

85.0

89.1

79.4

6

6-

11

543

535

29

11.32

11.02

48.82

6.81

Thailand

2007

94.1

95.9

92.6

9

6-

14

108

78

46

20.5

23.2

34.3

4.22

Turkey

2007

88.7

96.2

81.2

9

6-

14

94

79

35

26.96

20.76

25.77

4.01

Europe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

France

1995

98.8

98.9

98.7

11

6-

16

110

114

56

10.97

10.37

25.47

5.72

Germany

1998

100.0

100.0

100.0

13

6-

18

103

101

513 35.37

23.57

12.17

4.61

Greece

2007

97.1

98.2

96.0

9

6-

14

102

103

95

11.07

9.27

13.57

4.42

Italy

2007

98.9

99.1

98.6

9

6-

14

103

100

67

10.83

14.53

21.93

4.52

Poland

2007

99.3

99.6

99.0

9

7-

15

98

100

66

13.36

14.06

19.46

5.52

Russia

2007

99.5

99.7

99.4

10

6-

15

96

84

72

-

-

17.96

3.82

Sweden

2000

100.0

100.0

100.0

10

7-

16

96

103

79

9.52

9.22

11.43

7.12

United Kingdom

2006

100.0

100.0

100.0

12

5-

16

105

98

59

21.37

16.07

19.73

5.62

Latin America

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Argentina

2007

97.6

97.6

97.7

10

5-

14

1122

842

642 15.28

18.78

10.28

3.81

Brazil

2007

90.5

90.1

90.9

8

7-

14

1372

1052

252

21.53

18.63

19.63

4.01

Cuba

2007

99.8

99.8

99.8

9

6-

14

101

94

88

10.66

10.16

14.66

9.1

Mexico

2007

92.4

94.4

90.6

10

6-

15

113

87

26

24.35

16.05

9.95

5.52

Peru

2007

90.5

95.2

85.8

11

6-

16

116

94

35

22.2

16.6

-

2.5

North America

\

\

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

2005

100.0

100.0

100.0

11

6-

16

1001

1171

621

17.45

18.4

19.81

5.25

United States

1998

95.5

95.7

95.3

12

6-

17

98

94

82

-

-

13.57

5.32

Oceania

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\

Australia

2006

100.0

100.0

100.0

11

5-

15

105

150

73

16.07

12.17

10.67

4.52

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