This is not an exhaustive list and many drugs are metabolized by several CYP isoforms to varying degrees.
CYP |
Substrates |
Inhibitors |
Inducers |
1A1 |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine insecticides |
α-naphthoflavone |
PAHs, organochlorines |
1A2 |
Amitriptyline, imipramine, caffeine, fluvoxamine, clozapine, haloperidol, mexiletine, ondansetron, propranolol, tacrine, theophylline, verapamil, R – warfarin, zolmitriptan Polycyclic aromatic amines |
Amiodarone, cimetidine, furafylline, fluvoximine, ticlopidine ciprofloxacin |
PAH amines in barbecued/ flame – broiled meat, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, insulin, tobacco, omeprazole, phenytoin |
1B1 |
Tamoxifen, polycyclic aromatics Aromatic amines, aflatoxins, oestrogens. |
PCBs (e.g. pyrene) some flavonoids & coumarins, resveratrol, mitoxantrone, flutamide, taxols |
PAHs, ß-naphthoflavone tobacco PAHs |
2A6 |
Coumarins, aflatoxins 1,3, butadiene, letrozole, valproate |
Tranylcypramine, methoxsalen, grapefruit juice |
Phenobarbitone, rifampicin |
2B6 |
bupropion, coumarins, cyclophosphamide, mephenytoin, methadone, methoxychor (pesticide), PCP, ketamine, efavirenz |
Tranylcypramine, thiotepa, ticlopidine |
Phenobarbitone, rifampicin, efavirenz |
2C8 |
Amodiaquine, cerivastatin, paclitaxel, tolbutamide |
Quercetin, glitazone drugs, gemfibrozil efavirenz, montelukast |
Phenobarbitone Rifampicin, |
CYP |
Substrates |
Inhibitors |
Inducers |
2C9 |
Amitriptyline, dapsone, fluoxetine, fluvastatin, NSAIDS, phenytoin, sulphonyl ureas, tamoxifen, S-warfarin |
Isoniazid, fluvastatin, fluvoxamine, lovastatin, sulphafenazole diclofenac |
Secobarbitone, Rifampicin |
2C19 |
Barbiturates, citalopram, mephenytoin, proton pump inhibitors e.g. omeprazole, phenytoin, proguanil, R – warfarin voriconazole. |
Tranylcypramine, cimetidine, fluoxetine, ketoconazole, ticlopidine |
Carbamazepine, norethindrone, prednisone, rifampicin |
2D6 |
TCAs, antipsychotics (haloperidol, etc.), anti – arrhythmics: flecainide, mexiletine, beta-blockers (e.g. timolol, S-metoprolol, bufuralol), MDMA, SSRIs, opiates (e.g. tramadol, codeine), venlafaxine |
Amiodarone, cimetidine, ranitidine, histamine H-1 receptor antagonists (e.g. chlorpheniramine), quinidine, SSRIs (e.g. fluoxetine), St John’s Wort |
Not conventionally induced |
2E1 |
Benzene, chlorzoxazone, ethanol, flurane anaesthetics (e.g. halothane), paracetamol |
Sulphides (e.g. DDC, diallyl sulphide, disulfiram) |
Ethanol, acetone isoniazid |
3A4/5 |
Aflatoxin B1, antihistamines (terfenadine, astemizole), calcium channel blockers (e.g. felodipine), cannabinoids, cyclosporine, macrolides (e.g. erythromycin), opiates (buprenorphine), protease inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir), statins (except pravastatin), tacrolimus, paclitaxel THCs midazolam, nefazodone, dasatinib. |
Amiodarone, azoles (ketoconazole fluconazole, voriconazole) cimetidine, grapefruit juice, macrolides, steroids, protease inhibitors |
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, glucocorticoids, glitazones, nevirapine, phenytoin, rifampicin, St John’s Wort |