Plate 1 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION/Airbag Related Injuries and Deaths This patient sustained a severe corneal abrasion secondary to the membrane forces associated with air bag deployment.
Plate 2 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION/Driver Versus Passenger in Motor Vehicle Collisions Contact with deploying air bags will result in injuries to the occupants, including abrasions. This patient sustained superficial abrasions overlying the abdomen, secondary to air bag deployment. Such injuries can be matched to the vehicle’s air bag.
Plate 3 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION/Driver Versus Passenger in Motor Vehicle Collisions A degloving injury with underlying fracture. This patient sustained an open fracture, with degloving of the forearm, secondary to contact with the deploying air bag. Matching this injury and the blood transferred to the air bag would assist in identifying the role of this patient.
Plate 4 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION/Driver Versus Passenger in Motor Vehicle Collisions Examination of the seatbelt webbing and other hardware will be present if the belt sustained sufficient loading. Webbing and hardware should be inspected for evidence of transferred material or imprints from the webbing to the hardware.
Plate 5 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION/Tachographs The face of a Veeder Root Model 8400 tachograph,
Plate 6 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION/Tachographs A Kienzle microscope with computer-linking modifications.
Plate 7 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES/Capillary Electrophoresis in Forensic Biology An allelic ladder from the Geneprint cttv multiplex (Promega) consisting of alleles from three genetic loci, CSF1P0, TPOX, THO1, and vWA. The internal standard (labeled in red) is a Genescan 350 ROX (Perkin-Elmer) size standard. Analyzed using an PE/ABI 310 capillary electrophoresis system with laser induced fluorescence detection and a hydroyxethyl cellulose sieving matrix.
Plate 8 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES/Separation Techniques Photograph of a SPME fiber inserted into headspace of a sampling vial.
Plate 9 CAUSES OF DEATH/Traffic Deaths Typical lap/sash passenger distribution of bruising and abrasion.
Plate 10 CAUSES OF DEATH/Traffic Deaths Hinge-type base of skull fracture commonly seen as a sequel to blunt lateral head impact.
Plate 11 CAUSES OF DEATH/Traffic Deaths Bruising and abrasion indicating the level of contact with bumper bars.
Plate 12 CAUSES OF DEATH/Traffic Deaths Subcutaneous dissection of the legs to determine accurately the level of impact.
Plate 13 CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE/Evaluation of Gunshot Wounds The contact wound will exhibittriangular shaped tears of the skin. These stellate tears are theresult of injection of hot gases beneath the skin. These gaseswill cause the skin to rip and tear in this characteristic fashion.
Plate 14 CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE/Evaluation of Gunshot Wounds The forensic laboratory can use tests to detect the presence of vaporized lead and nitrates. These tests will assist the forensic investigator in determining the range of fire.
Plate 15 CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE/Recognition of Pattern Injuries in Domestic Violence Victims Blows from a belt can exhibit several different patterns. If the belt impacts on edge, a linear contusion will be produced. If the belt impacts more on its side, a wider contusion may be imprinted. Woven belts will leave a mirror image of the weave imprinted on the skin.
Plate 16 CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE/Recognition of Pattern Injuries in Domestic Violence Victims Contact with the flat portion of a hot iron results in a unique thermal injury. The areas of sparing are from the steam holes.
Plate 17 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID/polymers chain Reaction Examples of Polymarker (PM) strips demonstrating the different types at each locus. Courtesy of PE Biosystems.
Plate 18 DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION Inadequate body storage facilities. Aftermath of Lauda Air crash at Phu Khao Kao Chan near Bangkok, Thailand, in 1991. Bodies were stored outside with little protection from the heat or insects; decomposition was rapid. Body handlers were inadequately dressed, some with open footwear. Such a mortuary can become a secondary health hazard for the investigators.
Plate 19 ENGINEERING The fishing vessel Pescado was recovered from the sea off the south west coast of England to assist the Marine Accident Investigation Branch enquiry into the loss of the vessel and crew. Marine Accident Report 1/98 (1998), London DETR.
Plate 20 EXPLOSIVES/Analysis Military explosives (TNT, PETN, RDX, NG and tetryl) separated on three TLC solvent systems: (1) 1,2 dichloroethane:acetonitrile (90:10); (2) trichloroethylene:acetone (80:20); (3) petrol ether (b.p. 60-80):ethyl acetate (90:10).
Plate 21 FIBERS/Recovery Recovering fiber debris from a garment using clear adhesive tape.
Plate 22 FIBERS/Recovery Searching for and removing matching fibers from surface debris tapings using stereomicroscopy.
Plate 23 FIBERS/Recovery Mounting recovered fibers onto a microscope slide.
Plate 24 FIBERS/Recovery Seeded comb.
Plate 25 FIBERS/Recovery Searching for recovered fibers on the seeded comb.
Plate 26 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Screen printing.
Plate 27 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Green-to-black color shifting link on genuine US banknote. Photographed using an angled mirror: green image (below) at normal; black (above) at an oblique angle.
Plate 28 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Fluorescence of genuine US $100 FRN security thread.
Plate 29 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Fluorescence of counterfeit $100 FRN simulated security thread.
Plate 30 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Genuine US $20 FRN.
Plate 31 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Counterfeit US $20 FRN: full color halftone offset.
Plate 32 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Counterfeit US $100 FRN: toner full color copier/printer.
Plate 33 FORGERY AND FRAUD/Counterfeit Currency Counterfeit US $100 FRN: inkjet full color copier/printer.
Plate 34 ODONTOLOGY A postmortem shark bite on the remains of someone who had drowned. The arcing lacerations with regular spacing are quite typical of a medium-sized shark bite.
Plate 35 PATHOLOGY/Histopathology Intravenous drug abuse: starch granules and other contaminants at the injection site. H & E; original magnification x 200.
Plate 36 PATHOLOGY/Histopathology Pulmonary fat embolism following multiple fractures. Oil red O; original magnification x 250.
Plate 37 PATHOLOGY/Postmortem Changes hypostasis in a body that has been lying on the back for 12h.
Plate 38 PATHOLOGY/Postmortem Changes Putrefaction: death in a centrally heated flat 4 days previously.
Plate 39 PATTERN EVIDENCE/Bare Footprint Marks Dental stone cast, made from a foam impression material.
Plate 40 PATTERN EVIDENCE/Bare Footprint Marks Outsole of a running shoe, showing wear areas on the ball of the foot and the heel.
Plate 41 PATTERN EVIDENCE/Bare Footprint Marks Inside top portion of a shoe, showing wear areas on the lining, casued by the top area of the toes.
Plate 42
Plate 42 PATTERN EVIDENCE/Bare Footprint Marks Insole of a shoe, showing the darkened and indented sweat areas casued by the weight-bearing areas of a bare foot.
Plate 43 PATTERN EVIDENCE/Footwear Marks Leuco crystal violet is a clear, colorless solution, that can be easily applied at the crime scene or in the laboratory, for the enhancement of bloody footwear impressions. The first picture depicts multiple footwear impressions in blood on a light-colored tile floor. The second picture depicts the same impressions, but after enhancement with leuco crystal violet.
Plate 44 PATTERN EVIDENCE/Tools Macrophotograph showing multicolored plastic insulation material caught in cutter blades of suspect pliers.
Plate 45 PHOTOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL IMAGING/Overview A ppor image of a crocodile enhanced from a negative, in which we usually recognize its typical textured skin.
Plate 46 PHOTOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL IMAGING/Digital Imaging Enhancement Color treatment reveals the shapes in the black and white image.
Plate 47 SEROLOGY/Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Bloodstain pattern reconstruction.
Plate 48 WILDLIFE Dr Richard Stroud and Elaine Plaisance examine a North American bear cub to determine cause of death.
