Templeton Prize
Formerly the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, the Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries About Spiritual Realities was established in 1972 by American-born British businessman and philanthropist Sir John Tem-pleton. It recognizes the diversity of and rewards advancement in the ideas and perceptions of divinity. Each year an international interfaith group of judges chooses a winner from any of the world’s religions. Award amount: £820,000 (about US$1,665,000).
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1973 |
Mother Teresa |
founder, Missionaries of Charity |
|
1974 |
Brother Roger |
founder, Taize Community |
|
1975 |
Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |
president of India, 1962-67 |
|
1976 |
Leon Joseph Cardinal Suenens |
pioneer, Charismatic Renewal Movement |
|
1977 |
Chiara Lubich |
founder, Focolare Movement |
|
1978 |
Thomas F. Torrance |
educator, writer on religion and science |
|
1979 |
Nikkyo Niwano |
founder, Rissho Kosei-Kai |
|
1980 |
Ralph Wendell Burhoe |
founder and editor, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science |
|
1981 |
Dame Cicely Saunders |
founder, Hospice and Palliative Care Movement |
|
1982 |
Billy Graham |
Christian evangelist |
|
1983 |
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn |
writer, dissident |
|
1984 |
Michael Bourdeaux |
scholar, religious freedom activist |
|
1985 |
Sir Alister Hardy |
scientist, educator |
|
1986 |
James McCord |
chancellor, Center of Theological Inquiry; president, Princeton |
|
|
|
Theological Seminary |
|
1987 |
Stanley L. Jaki |
Benedictine monk, professor of astrophysics |
|
1988 |
Inamullah Khan |
interfaith peace activist; founder, Modern World Muslim Congress |
|
1989 |
Lord George MacLeod |
founder, Iona Community |
|
|
Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker |
physics and theology scholar |
|
1990 |
Baba Amte |
social activist, philanthropist |
|
|
L. Charles Birch |
natural scientist |
|
1991 |
Lord Immanuel Jakobovits |
Chief Rabbi of Great Britain and the Commonwealth, 1967-91 |
|
1992 |
Kyung-Chik Han |
founder, Young Nak Presbyterian Church |
|
1993 |
Charles W. Colson |
prison ministry founder |
|
1994 |
Michael Novak |
theologian, writer on theology and economics |
|
1995 |
Paul Charles William Davies |
mathematical physicist |
|
1996 |
William R. Bright |
founder, Campus Crusade for Christ |
|
1997 |
Pandurang Shastri Athavale |
founder, swadhyaya self-study |
|
1998 |
Sir Sigmund Sternberg |
philanthropist, businessman |
|
1999 |
Ian Graeme Barbour |
technology ethicist |
|
2000 |
Freeman J. Dyson |
physicist, social activist |
|
2001 |
Arthur Peacocke |
founder, Society of Ordained Scientists |
|
2002 |
John C. Polkinghorne |
Anglican priest, mathematical physicist |
|
2003 |
Holmes Rolston III |
Presbyterian minister, environmental ethicist |
|
2004 |
George Ellis |
cosmologist, scholar of the relationship between science and faith |
|
2005 |
Charles Townes |
physicist, proponent of exploring commonalities between science |
|
and religion |
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
2006 |
John D. Barrow |
cosmologist, scholar of multidisciplinary perspectives integrating astronomy, physics, mathematics, and philosophy |
|
2007 |
Charles Taylor |
philosopher, advocate for inclusion of spiritual considerations in public policy discussions and in the humanities and social sciences |
|
2008 |
Michael Heller |
cosmologist, philosopher of the “theology of science” |
Congressional Gold Medal
Individuals, institutions, or events of distinguished achievement are honored by the Congressional Gold Medal. The medal was first awarded in 1776 and has since been given out 138 times. Until the mid-19th century, medals went primarily to military figures. Past recipients include George Washington, the Wright Brothers, Thomas Edison, Bob Hope, Frank Sinatra, Elie Wiesel, Nelson Mandela, Charles M. Schulz, and the Navajo code talkers of World War II. In 2008 Congress awarded the medal to Dr. Michael Ellis DeBakey, a pioneering heart surgeon and chancellor emeritus of Baylor College of Medicine.
Kennedy Center Honors
The Kennedy Center Honors are bestowed annually by the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC.
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1978 |
Marian Anderson Fred Astaire George Balanchine Richard Rodgers Arthur Rubenstein |
opera singer dancer, actor choreographer composer pianist |
|
1979 |
Aaron Copland Ella Fitzgerald Henry Fonda Martha Graham Tennessee Williams |
composer singer actor dancer, choreographer playwright |
|
1980 |
Leonard Bernstein James Cagney Agnes de Mille Lynn Fontanne Leontyne Price |
conductor actor dancer, choreographer actress opera singer |
|
1981 |
Count Basie Cary Grant Helen Hayes Jerome Robbins Rudolf Serkin |
jazz pianist actor actress dancer, choreographer pianist |
|
1982 |
George Abbott Lillian Gish Benny Goodman Gene Kelly Eugene Ormandy |
theater producer, director, writer actress swing musician dancer, actor conductor |
|
1983 |
Katherine Dunham Elia Kazan Frank Sinatra James Stewart Virgil Thomson |
dancer, choreographer theater and film director singer, actor actor composer, music critic |
|
1984 |
Lena Horne Danny Kaye Gian Carlo Menotti Arthur Miller Isaac Stern |
singer, actress actor, comedian composer playwright violinist |
|
1985 |
Merce Cunningham Irene Dunne Bob Hope |
dancer, choreographer actress entertainer, actor |
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
|
|
|
|
1985 (cont.) |
Alan Jay Lerner Frederick Loewe Beverly Sills |
playwright, lyricist composer opera singer |
|
1986 |
Lucille Ball Ray Charles Hume Cronyn Jessica Tandy Yehudi Menuhin Antony Tudor |
actress soul musician actor actress violinist choreographer |
|
1987 |
Perry Como Bette Davis Sammy Davis, Jr. Nathan Milstein Alwin Nikolais |
singer actress singer, dancer, entertainer violinist choreographer |
|
1988 |
Alvin Ailey George Burns Myrna Loy Alexander Schneider Roger L. Stevens |
dancer, choreographer actor, comedian actress violinist, conductor arts administrator |
|
1989 |
Harry Belafonte Claudette Colbert |
folk singer, actor actress |
|
Alexandra Danilova |
ballet dancer |
|
|
Mary Martin |
actress, singer |
|
|
William Schuman |
composer |
|
|
1990 |
Dizzy Gillespie Katharine Hepburn Rise Stevens Jule Styne Billy Wilder |
jazz musician actress opera singer composer film director |
|
1991 |
Roy Acuff Betty Comden Adolph Green Fayard Nicholas Harold Nicholas Gregory Peck Robert Shaw |
country musician theater and film writer theater and film writer dancer dancer actor conductor |
|
1992 |
Lionel Hampton Paul Newman |
swing musician actor |
|
Joanne Woodward |
actress |
The National Medal of Arts, awarded annually since 1985 by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the president of the United States, honors artists and art patrons for remarkable contributions to American arts. Both the NEA and the president choose candidates for the award, and the winners are selected by the president.
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1992 |
Ginger Rogers |
dancer, actress |
2000 |
Placido Domingo |
opera singer |
|
(cont.) Mstislav Rostropovich |
musician, conductor |
(cont.) Clint Eastwood |
actor, director |
||
|
Paul Taylor |
dancer, choreographer |
Angela Lansbury |
actress |
||
|
1993 |
Johnny Carson |
television entertainer |
2001 |
Julie Andrews |
actress |
|
|
Arthur Mitchell |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Van Cliburn |
pianist |
|
|
George Solti |
conductor |
|
Quincy Jones |
music producer, |
|
|
Stephen Sondheim |
composer, lyricist |
|
|
composer |
|
|
Marion Williams |
gospel singer |
|
Jack Nicholson |
actor |
|
1994 |
Kirk Douglas |
actor |
|
Luciano Pavarotti |
opera singer |
|
|
Aretha Franklin |
soul singer |
2002 |
James Earl Jones |
actor |
|
|
Morton Gould |
composer |
|
James Levine |
conductor |
|
Harold Prince |
theater director, pro- |
|
Chita Rivera |
musical theater |
|
|
ducer |
|
|
performer |
||
|
Pete Seeger |
folk musician |
Paul Simon |
singer |
||
|
1995 |
Jacques d’Amboise |
dancer, choreographer |
Elizabeth Taylor |
actress |
|
|
Marilyn Horne |
opera singer |
2003 |
James Brown |
musician |
|
|
B.B. King |
blues musician |
Carol Burnett |
actress |
||
|
Sidney Poitier |
actor |
Loretta Lynn |
musician |
||
|
Neil Simon |
playwright |
Mike Nichols |
director |
||
|
1996 |
Edward Albee |
playwright |
Itzhak Perlman |
musician |
|
|
Benny Carter |
jazz musician |
2004 |
Warren Beatty |
film actor, director |
|
|
Johnny Cash |
country musician |
Ossie Davis |
actors, writers, |
||
|
Jack Lemmon |
actor |
and Ruby Dee |
producers |
||
|
|
Maria Tallchief |
ballet dancer |
|
Elton John |
musician |
|
1997 |
Lauren Bacall |
actress |
|
Joan Sutherland |
opera singer |
|
|
Bob Dylan |
singer, songwriter |
|
John Williams |
composer |
|
|
Charlton Heston |
actor |
2005 |
Tony Bennett |
singer |
|
|
Jessye Norman |
opera singer |
|
Suzanne Farrell |
dancer, teacher |
|
|
Edward Villella |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Julie Harris |
actress |
|
1998 |
Bill Cosby |
actor, comedian |
|
Robert Redford |
film actor, director, |
|
Fred Ebb and |
lyricist and composer |
|
|
producer |
|
|
John Kander |
|
|
Tina Turner |
singer, actress |
|
|
Willie Nelson |
country musician |
2006 |
Zubin Mehta |
conductor |
|
|
|
Andre Previn |
pianist, composer, |
|
Dolly Parton |
singer, actress |
|
|
|
conductor |
|
Andrew Lloyd Webber |
composer |
|
|
Shirley Temple Black |
actress, diplomat |
|
Steven Spielberg |
film director, producer |
|
1999 |
Victor Borge |
pianist, comedian |
|
William “Smokey” |
singer |
|
|
Sean Connery |
actor |
|
Robinson |
|
|
|
Judith Jamison |
dancer, choreographer |
2007 |
Steve Martin |
actor, writer |
|
\ |
Jason Robards |
actor |
|
Diana Ross |
singer, actress |
|
|
Stevie Wonder |
musician |
|
Leon Fleisher |
pianist, conductor |
|
2000 |
Mikhail Baryshnikov |
dancer |
|
Martin Scorsese |
film director |
|
|
Chuck Berry |
musician |
|
Brian Wilson |
composer, singer |
National Medal of Arts
|
YEAR NAME |
FIELD |
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1985 Elliott Carter, Jr. |
composer |
1986 |
Marian Anderson |
opera singer |
|
Ralph Ellison |
writer |
|
Frank Capra |
film director |
|
Jose Ferrer |
actor |
|
Aaron Copland |
composer |
|
Martha Graham |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Willem de Kooning |
painter |
|
Louise Nevelson |
sculptor |
|
Agnes de Mille |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Georgia O’Keeffe |
painter |
|
Eva Le Gallienne |
actress, producer |
|
Leontyne Price |
opera singer |
|
Alan Lomax |
ethnomusicologist |
|
Dorothy Buffum |
patron |
|
Lewis Mumford |
architectural critic |
|
Chandler |
|
|
Eudora Welty |
writer |
|
Lincoln Kirstein |
patron |
|
Dominique de Menil |
patron |
|
Paul Mellon |
patron |
|
Exxon Corporation |
patron |
|
Alice Tully |
patron |
|
Seymour H. Knox |
patron |
|
Hallmark Cards, Inc. |
patron |
1987 |
Romare Bearden |
painter |
|
|
|
|
Ella Fitzgerald |
singer |
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1987 |
Howard Nemerov |
writer, scholar |
1992 |
Minnie Pearl |
Grand Ole Opry |
|
(cont.) Alwin Nikolais |
choreographer |
(cont.) |
|
performer |
|
|
|
Isamu Noguchi |
sculptor |
|
Robert Saudek |
television producer, |
|
|
William Schuman |
composer |
|
|
museum director |
|
Robert Penn Warren |
writer |
Earl Scruggs |
banjo player |
||
|
J.W. Fisher |
patron |
|
Robert Shaw |
conductor |
|
|
Armand Hammer |
patron |
|
Billy Taylor |
jazz pianist |
|
|
Sydney and Frances |
patrons |
|
Robert Venturi and |
architects |
|
|
Lewis |
|
Denise Scott Brown |
|
||
|
1988 |
Saul Bellow |
writer |
|
Robert Wise |
film director |
|
|
Helen Hayes |
actress |
|
AT&T |
patron |
|
|
Gordon Parks |
photographer, writer |
|
Lila Wallace- |
patron |
|
|
I.M. Pei |
architect |
|
Reader’s Digest Fund |
|
|
|
Jerome Robbins |
dancer, choreographer |
1993 |
Cabell “Cab” Calloway jazz musician |
|
|
|
Rudolf Serkin |
pianist |
|
Ray Charles |
soul musician |
|
|
Virgil Thomson |
composer, music critic |
|
Bess Lomax Hawes |
folklorist, musician |
|
|
Sydney J. Freedberg |
art historian, curator |
|
Stanley Kunitz |
poet |
|
|
Roger L. Stevens |
arts administrator |
|
Robert Merrill |
opera singer |
|
|
Brooke Astor |
patron |
|
Arthur Miller |
playwright |
|
Francis Goelet |
patron |
|
Robert Rauschenberg painter |
||
|
Obert C. Tanner |
patron |
Lloyd Richards |
theater director |
||
|
1989 |
Leopold Adler |
historic preservation |
William Styron |
writer |
|
|
ist, civic leader |
Paul Taylor |
dancer, choreographer |
|||
|
Katherine Dunham |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Billy Wilder |
film director, writer |
|
|
Alfred Eisenstaedt |
photojournalist |
|
Walter and Leonore |
patrons |
|
|
Martin Friedman |
museum director |
|
Annenberg |
||
|
Leigh Gerdine |
civic leader, patron |
1994 |
Harry Belafonte |
folksinger, actor |
|
|
Dizzy Gillespie |
jazz musician |
Dave Brubeck |
jazz musician |
||
|
Walker K. Hancock |
sculptor |
|
Celia Cruz |
salsa singer |
|
|
|
Vladimir Horowitz1 |
pianist |
|
Dorothy DeLay |
violin instructor |
|
|
Czeslaw Milosz |
writer |
|
Julie Harris |
actress |
|
|
Robert Motherwell |
painter |
|
Erick Hawkins |
dancer, choreographer |
|
|
John Updike |
writer |
|
Gene Kelly |
dancer, actor |
|
|
Dayton Hudson Corp. |
patron |
|
Pete Seeger |
folk musician |
|
1990 |
George Abbott |
theater producer, |
|
Wayne Thiebaud |
painter |
|
|
|
director, writer |
|
Richard Wilbur |
poet |
|
|
Hume Cronyn |
actor, director |
|
Young Audiences |
arts organization |
|
|
Jessica Tandy |
actress |
|
Catherine Filene |
patron |
|
|
Merce Cunningham |
dancer, |
|
Shouse |
|
|
|
|
choreographer |
1995 |
Licia Albanese |
opera singer |
|
|
Jasper Johns |
painter, sculptor |
|
Gwendolyn Brooks |
poet |
|
|
Jacob Lawrence |
painter |
|
Ossie Davis and |
actors |
|
|
B.B. King |
blues musician |
|
Ruby Dee |
|
|
|
Beverly Sills |
opera singer |
|
David Diamond |
composer |
|
|
Ian McHarg |
landscape architect |
|
James Ingo Freed |
architect |
|
|
Harris & Carroll Ster- |
patrons |
|
Bob Hope |
entertainer |
|
ling Masterson |
|
|
Roy Lichtenstein |
painter |
|
|
David Lloyd Kreeger |
patron |
|
Arthur Mitchell |
dancer, choreographer |
|
|
Southeastern Bell |
patron |
|
William S. Monroe |
bluegrass musician |
|
|
Corporation |
|
|
Urban Gateways |
arts education |
|
|
1991 |
Maurice Abravanel |
conductor, music |
|
|
organization |
|
|
|
director |
|
B. Gerald and |
patrons |
|
|
Roy Acuff |
country musician |
|
Iris Cantor |
|
|
|
Pietro Belluschi |
architect |
1996 |
Edward Albee |
playwright |
|
|
J. Carter Brown |
museum director |
|
Sarah Caldwell |
opera conductor |
|
|
Charles “Honi” Coles |
tap dancer |
|
Harry Callahan |
photographer |
|
|
John O. Crosby |
opera director, con- |
|
Zelda Fichandler |
theater founder, |
|
|
|
ductor |
|
|
director |
|
|
Richard Diebenkorn |
painter |
|
Eduardo “Lalo” |
Chicano musician |
|
|
Isaac Stern |
violinist |
|
Guerrero |
|
|
|
Kitty Carlisle Hart |
actress, singer |
|
Lionel Hampton |
swing musician |
|
|
R. Philip Hanes, Jr. |
patron |
|
Bella Lewitzky |
dancer, choreographer |
|
|
Pearl Primus |
choreographer, an- |
|
Robert Redford |
actor, film director |
|
|
|
thropologist |
|
Maurice Sendak |
illustrator, writer |
|
|
Texaco Inc. |
patron |
|
Stephen Sondheim |
composer, lyricist |
|
1992 |
Marilyn Horne |
opera singer |
|
Boys Choir of Harlem |
choir |
|
|
James Earl Jones |
actor |
|
Vera List |
patron |
|
|
Allan Houser |
sculptor |
|
|
|
|
YEAR NAME |
FIELD |
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1997 Louise Bourgeois |
sculptor |
2002 |
Florence Knoll |
designer, architect |
|
Betty Carter |
jazz singer |
|
Bassett |
|
|
Daniel Urban Kiley |
landscape architect |
|
Trisha Brown |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Angela Lansbury |
actress |
|
Philippe de |
museum director |
|
James Levine |
opera conductor, |
|
Montebello |
|
|
|
pianist |
|
Uta Hagen |
actress, educator |
|
Tito Puente |
jazz and mambo |
|
Lawrence Halprin |
landscape architect |
|
|
musician |
|
Al Hirschfeld1 |
artist, caricaturist |
|
Jason Robards |
actor |
|
George Jones |
singer, songwriter |
|
Edward Villella |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Ming Cho Lee |
painter, stage designer |
|
Doc Watson |
folk and country |
|
William “Smokey” |
singer, songwriter |
|
|
musician |
|
Robinson, Jr. |
|
|
MacDowell Colony |
artists’ colony |
2003 |
Austin City Limits |
television show |
|
Agnes Gund |
patron |
|
Beverly Cleary |
children’s book author |
|
1998 Jacques d’Amboise |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Rafe Esquith |
arts educator |
|
Antoine “Fats” |
rock-and-roll musician |
|
Suzanne Farrell |
dancer, artistic direc |
|
Domino |
|
|
|
tor, arts educator |
|
Ramblin’ Jack Elliott |
folk musician |
|
Buddy Guy |
blues musician |
|
Frank O. Gehry |
architect |
|
Ron Howard |
actor, director, writer |
|
Agnes Martin |
painter |
|
The Mormon |
choir |
|
Gregory Peck |
actor |
|
Tabernacle Choir |
|
|
Roberta Peters |
opera singer |
|
Leonard Slatkin |
conductor |
|
Philip Roth |
writer |
|
George Strait |
singer, songwriter |
|
Gwen Verdon |
actress, dancer |
|
Tommy Tune |
director, actor |
|
Steppenwolf Theatre |
arts organization |
2004 |
Andrew W. Mellon |
patron |
|
Company |
|
|
Foundation |
|
|
Sara Lee Corporation |
patron |
|
Ray Bradbury |
writer |
|
Barbara Handman |
patron |
|
Carlisle Floyd |
opera composer |
|
1999 Aretha Franklin |
soul singer |
|
Frederick “Rick” Hart1 |
sculptor |
|
Michael Graves |
architect, designer |
|
Anthony Hecht1 |
poet |
|
Odetta |
folksinger |
|
John Ruthven |
painter |
|
Norman Lear |
television producer, |
|
Vincent Scully |
architectural historian |
|
|
writer |
|
Twyla Tharp |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Rosetta LeNoire |
actress, theater |
2005 |
Louis Auchincloss |
writer |
|
|
founder |
|
James DePreist |
conductor |
|
Harvey Lichtenstein |
arts administrator |
|
Paquito D’Rivera |
musician |
|
Lydia Mendoza |
Tejano musician |
|
Robert Duvall |
actor |
|
George Segal |
sculptor |
|
Leonard Garment |
arts advocate |
|
Maria Tallchief |
ballet dancer |
|
Ollie Johnston |
animator, artist |
|
The Juilliard School |
performing arts school |
|
Wynton Marsalis |
musician, educator |
|
Irene Diamond |
patron |
|
Pennsylvania Academy arts academy |
|
|
2000 Maya Angelou |
poet, writer |
|
of the Fine Arts |
|
|
Eddy Arnold |
country musician |
|
Tina Ramirez |
dancer, choreographer |
|
Mikhail Baryshnikov |
dancer, dance |
|
Dolly Parton |
singer, songwriter |
|
|
company director |
2006 |
William Bolcom |
composer |
|
Benny Carter |
jazz musician |
|
Cyd Charisse |
dancer |
|
Chuck Close |
painter |
|
Roy R. DeCarava |
photographer |
|
Horton Foote |
dramatist |
|
Wilhelmina C. Holladay patron |
|
|
Claes Oldenburg |
sculptor |
|
Interlochen Center |
music school |
|
Itzhak Perlman |
violinist |
|
for the Arts |
|
|
Harold Prince |
theater director, |
|
Erich Kunzel |
conductor |
|
|
producer |
|
Preservation Hall Jazz |
jazz ensemble |
|
Barbra Streisand |
singer, actress |
|
Band |
|
|
Lewis Manilow |
patron |
|
Gregory Rabassa |
translator |
|
NPR Cultural Pro- |
broadcaster |
|
Viktor Schreckengost |
industrial designer |
|
gramming Division |
|
|
Dr. Ralph Stanley |
bluegrass musician |
|
2001 Alvin Ailey Dance |
modern dance com- |
2007 |
Morten Lauridsen |
composer |
|
Foundation |
pany and school |
|
N. Scott Momaday |
author, poet |
|
Rudolfo Anaya |
writer |
|
Roy R. Neuberger |
patron |
|
Johnny Cash |
country musician |
|
R. Craig Noel |
theater director |
|
Kirk Douglas |
actor |
|
Les Paul |
guitarist, inventor |
|
Helen Frankenthaler |
painter |
|
Henry Steinway |
patron |
|
Judith Jamison |
dancer, choreographer |
|
George Tooker |
painter |
|
Yo-Yo Ma |
cellist |
|
Lionel Hampton Inter- |
music competition, |
|
Mike Nichols |
theater and film |
|
national Jazz Festival |
festival |
|
|
director |
|
Andrew Wyeth |
painter |
The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 335-member organization founded in 1898. Members elected in 2008: KArt: John Baldessari, Glenn Murcutt, Ursula von Rydingsvard; ► Literature: Kwame Anthony Appiah, Robert A. Caro, Stephen Greenblatt, Paul Muldoon, Salman Rushdie, Calvin Trillin, Joy Williams; ► Music: Louis Andriessen, Yo-Yo Ma. The academy confers 27 awards for excellence. The Academy Awards in each field are the most prestigious. Winners receive US$7,500; music winners receive an additional US$7,500 to be used for the recording of a musical piece. Recipients for 2008: ► Architecture: James Carpenter, Neil Denari, Kenneth Frampton, Jim Jennings; Art: Llyn Foulkes, Eric Holzman, Judith Linhares, Gordon Moore, Susan Smith; ► Literature: Dan Chiasson, Brian Doyle, Rikki Ducornet, Will Eno, Edith Grossman, Fanny Howe, Richard Nelson, Mona Simpson; ► Music: Virko Baley, Donal Fox, Pablo Ortiz, Anna Weesner.
National Humanities Medal
The National Humanities Medal (originally known as the Charles Frankel Prize, 1988-96) is awarded by the National Endowment for the Humanities for notable contributions to Americans’ understanding of and involvement with the humanities. The recipients for 2007 were Stephen Balch, scholar and advocate; Russell Freedman, author; Victor Davis Hanson, military historian; Roger Hertog, philanthropist; Cynthia Ozick, author; Richard Pipes, historian; Pauline L. Schultz, curator; Henry Snyder, scholar and innovator; Ruth Wisse, scholar and author; and the Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art.
Spingarn Medal
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) presents the medal for distinguished achievement among African Americans. The medal is named for early NAACP activist Joel E. Spingarn.
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1915 |
Ernest Everett Just |
zoologist, marine |
1943 |
William H. Hastie |
lawyer, judge |
|
|
|
biologist |
1944 |
Charles Richard Drew |
surgeon, research |
|
1916 |
Charles Young |
army officer |
|
|
scientist |
|
1917 |
Harry Thacker Burleigh |
singer, composer |
1945 |
Paul Robeson |
actor, singer, social |
|
1918 |
William Stanley Braith- |
poet, literary critic |
|
|
activist |
|
|
waite |
|
1946 |
Thurgood Marshall |
lawyer, US Supreme |
|
1919 |
Archibald Henry Grimke |
lawyer, diplomat, |
|
Court justice |
|
|
|
|
social activist |
1947 |
Percy L. Julian |
chemist |
|
1920 |
W.E.B. Du Bois (William |
sociologist, social |
1948 |
Channing H. Tobias |
civil rights leader |
|
|
Edward Burghardt Du |
activist |
1949 |
Ralph Bunche |
diplomat, scholar |
|
|
Bois) |
|
1950 |
Charles Hamilton |
lawyer |
|
1921 |
Charles S. Gilpin |
actor |
Houston |
|
|
|
1922 |
Mary Burnett Talbert |
civil rights activist |
1951 |
Mabel Keaton Staupers |
nurse, social activist |
|
1923 |
George Washington |
agricultural chemist |
1952 |
Harry T. Moore |
civil rights activist, |
|
|
Carver |
|
educator |
||
|
1924 |
Roland Hayes |
singer, composer |
1953 |
Paul R. Williams |
architect |
|
1925 |
James Weldon Johnson |
diplomat, anthologist |
1954 |
Theodore K. Lawless |
dermatologist, phil- |
|
1926 |
Carter G. Woodson |
historian |
anthropist |
||
|
1927 |
Anthony Overton |
businessman |
1955 |
Carl Murphy |
journalist, civil rights |
|
1928 |
Charles W. Chesnutt |
writer |
activist |
||
|
1929 |
Mordecai W. Johnson |
minister, university |
1956 |
Jackie Robinson (Jack |
baseball player |
|
|
|
president |
Roosevelt Robinson) |
|
|
|
1930 |
Henry Alexander Hunt |
educator, govern- |
1957 |
Martin Luther King, Jr. |
civil rights leader |
|
|
|
ment official |
1958 |
Daisy Bates and the |
school integration |
|
1931 |
Richard B. Harrison |
actor |
Little Rock Nine |
activists |
|
|
1932 |
Robert Russa Moton |
educator, civil rights |
1959 |
Duke Ellington (Edward |
jazz musician |
|
|
|
leader |
Kennedy Ellington) |
|
|
|
1933 |
Max Yergan |
civil rights leader |
1960 |
Langston Hughes |
writer |
|
1934 |
William T.B. Williams |
educator |
1961 |
Kenneth Bancroft Clark |
educator |
|
1935 |
Mary McLeod Bethune |
educator, social |
1962 |
Robert C. Weaver |
economist, govern- |
|
|
|
activist |
ment official |
||
|
1936 |
John Hope |
educator |
1963 |
Medgar Evers |
civil rights activist |
|
1937 |
Walter White |
civil rights leader |
1964 |
Roy Wilkins |
civil rights leader |
|
1938 |
no medal awarded |
|
1965 |
Leontyne Price |
opera singer |
|
1939 |
Marian Anderson |
opera singer |
1966 |
John H. Johnson |
publisher |
|
1940 |
Louis T. Wright |
surgeon, civil rights |
1967 |
Edward W. Brooke III |
lawyer, US senator |
|
|
|
leader |
1968 |
Sammy Davis, Jr. |
singer, dancer, |
|
1941 |
Richard Wright |
writer |
entertainer |
||
|
1942 |
A. Philip Randolph |
labor and civil rights |
1969 |
Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. |
civil rights lobbyist |
|
|
|
leader |
1970 |
Jacob Lawrence |
painter |
|
|
|
Spingarn Medal |
(continued) |
|
|
|
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
YEAR |
NAME |
FIELD |
|
1971 |
Leon H. Sullivan |
minister, civil rights |
1990 |
L. Douglas Wilder |
politician |
|
|
|
activist |
1991 |
Colin Powell |
army general, gov |
|
1972 |
Gordon Parks |
photographer, writer |
|
|
ernment official |
|
1973 |
Wilson C. Riles |
educator |
1992 |
Barbara Jordan |
lawyer, politician |
|
1974 |
Damon Keith |
lawyer, judge |
1993 |
Dorothy I. Height |
social activist |
|
1975 |
Hank Aaron |
baseball player |
1994 |
Maya Angelou |
poet |
|
1976 |
Alvin Ailey |
dancer, choreogra- |
1995 |
John Hope Franklin |
historian, educator |
|
|
|
pher |
1996 |
A. Leon Higginbotham |
lawyer, judge, scholar |
|
1977 |
Alex Haley |
writer |
1997 |
Carl T. Rowan |
journalist, commen |
|
1978 |
Andrew Young |
civil rights leader |
|
|
tator |
|
1979 |
Rosa Parks |
civil rights activist |
1998 |
Myrlie Evers-Williams |
civil rights activist |
|
1980 |
Rayford W. Logan |
educator, writer |
1999 |
Earl G. Graves |
publisher |
|
1981 |
Coleman A. Young |
labor activist, politi- |
2000 |
Oprah Winfrey |
television host, |
|
|
|
cian |
|
|
media personality |
|
1982 |
Benjamin E. Mays |
educator, minister |
2001 |
Vernon E. Jordan, Jr. |
lawyer, civil rights |
|
1983 |
Lena Horne |
singer, actress |
|
|
activist |
|
1984 |
Thomas Bradley |
politician |
2002 |
John Lewis |
politician, civil rights |
|
1985 |
Bill Cosby |
actor, comedian |
|
|
activist |
|
1986 |
Benjamin L. Hooks |
civil rights leader, |
2003 |
Constance Baker |
judge, lawyer, civil |
|
|
|
government official |
|
Motley |
rights activist |
|
1987 |
Percy Ellis Sutton |
civil rights activist, |
2004 |
Robert L. Carter |
judge, lawyer, civil |
|
|
|
politician |
|
|
rights activist |
|
1988 |
Frederick Douglass |
educator |
2005 |
Oliver W. Hill |
lawyer, civil rights |
|
|
Patterson |
\ |
|
|
activist |
|
1989 |
Jesse Jackson |
minister, politician, |
2006 |
Benjamin S. Carson |
physician |
|
|
|
civil rights leader |
2007 |
John Conyers, Jr. |
politician |
