A.
Divergence of WEE Virus
B. Divergence of Enterovirus 70
(Togaviridae)
(Picornaviridae)
2.0
10-3 subs/nt/year
Slope = 5.0
10
10-4 subs/nt/year
Slope = 2.8
8
6
1.0
4
2
0
0
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
2
4
6
8
10
Years after initial isolation
Year of isolation
C. Divergence of Influenza HA (H3 subtype)
(Orthomyxoviridae)
Third Codon Position
Slope = 1.0 10-2 subs/nt/yr
0.10
0.05
First and Second
Codon Positions
Slope = 5.0 10-3 subs/nt/yr
0.00
1968
1973
1978
Year of isolation
FIGURE 3.44 Divergence plots for two different plus-strand RNA viruses, which differ by more than an order of
magnitude in their divergence rates, and a minus-strand virus. Data for (A) are from Weaver et al. (1997) for 477
nucleotides of the C terminus of the E1 protein-coding region, for (B) from Takeda et al. (1994) for the 918 nucleotides
which encode the VP1 protein, and for (C) from Saitou and Nei (1986) for the ∼1700 nt encoding the hemagglutinin. In
(B) the dots are color coded by location of isolation: red, North Africa; orange, Europe; yellow, Pakistan; green, South
East Asia; blue, Japan; purple, Honduras.
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