These codes are used to identify countries in the Sport section of the Britannica Almanac.
Codes of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
|
AFG |
Afghanistan |
CRO |
Croatia |
KAZ |
Kazakhstan |
|
AHO |
Netherlands |
CUB |
Cuba |
KEN |
Kenya |
|
|
Antilles |
CYP |
Cyprus |
KGZ |
Kyrgyzstan |
|
ALB |
Albania |
CZE |
Czech Republic |
KIR |
Kiribati |
|
ALG |
Algeria |
DEN |
Denmark |
KOR |
South Korea |
|
AND |
Andorra |
DJI |
Djibouti |
KSA |
Saudi Arabia |
|
ANG |
Angola |
DMA |
Dominica |
KUW |
Kuwait |
|
ANT |
Antigua and Barbuda |
DOM |
Dominican Republic |
LAO |
Laos |
|
ARG |
Argentina |
ECU |
Ecuador |
LAT |
Latvia |
|
ARM |
Armenia |
EGY |
Egypt |
LBA |
Libya |
|
ARU |
Aruba |
ERI |
Eritrea |
LBR |
Liberia |
|
ASA |
American Samoa |
ESA |
El Salvador |
LCA |
Saint Lucia |
|
AUS |
Australia |
ESP |
Spain |
LES |
Lesotho |
|
AUT |
Austria |
EST |
Estonia |
LIB |
Lebanon |
|
AZE |
Azerbaijan |
ETH |
Ethiopia |
LIE |
Liechtenstein |
|
BAH |
Bahamas, The |
FIJ |
Fiji |
LTU |
Lithuania |
|
BAN |
Bangladesh |
FIN |
Finland |
LUX |
Luxembourg |
|
BAR |
Barbados |
FRA |
France |
MAD |
Madagascar |
|
BDI |
Burundi |
FSM |
Micronesia |
MAR |
Morocco |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
GAB |
Gabon |
MAS |
Malaysia |
|
BEN |
Benin |
GAM |
Gambia, The |
MAW |
Malawi |
|
BER |
Bermuda |
GBR |
Great Britain |
MDA |
Moldova |
|
BHU |
Bhutan |
GBS |
Guinea-Bissau |
MDV |
Maldives |
|
BIH |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
GEO |
Georgia |
MEX |
Mexico |
|
BIZ |
Belize |
GEQ |
Equatorial Guinea |
MGL |
Mongolia |
|
BLR |
Belarus |
GER |
Germany |
MHL |
Marshall Islands |
|
BOL |
Bolivia |
GHA |
Ghana |
MKD |
Macedonia1 |
|
BOT |
Botswana |
GRE |
Greece |
MLI |
Mali |
|
BRA |
Brazil |
GRN |
Grenada |
MLT |
Malta |
|
BRN |
Bahrain |
GUA |
Guatemala |
MNE |
Montenegro |
|
BRU |
Brunei |
GUI |
Guinea |
MON |
Monaco |
|
BUL |
Bulgaria |
GUM |
Guam |
MOZ |
Mozambique |
|
BUR |
Burkina Faso |
GUY |
Guyana |
MRI |
Mauritius |
|
CAF |
Central African Republic |
HAI |
Haiti |
MTN |
Mauritania |
|
CAM |
Cambodia |
HKG |
Hong Kong |
MYA |
Myanmar (Burma) |
|
CAN |
Canada |
HON |
Honduras |
NAM |
Namibia |
|
CAY |
Cayman Islands |
HUN |
Hungary |
NCA |
Nicaragua |
|
CGO |
Congo, Republic of the |
INA |
Indonesia |
NED |
Netherlands, The |
|
CHA |
Chad |
IND |
India |
NEP |
Nepal |
|
CHI |
Chile |
IRI |
Iran |
NGR |
Nigeria |
|
CHN |
China |
IRL |
Ireland |
NIG |
Niger |
|
CIV |
Cote d’Ivoire |
IRQ |
Iraq |
NOR |
Norway |
|
CMR |
Cameroon |
ISL |
Iceland |
NRU |
Nauru |
|
COD |
Congo, Democratic |
ISR |
Israel |
NZL |
New Zealand |
|
Republic of the |
ISV |
US Virgin Islands |
OMA |
Oman |
|
|
COK |
Cook Islands |
ITA |
Italy |
PAK |
Pakistan |
|
COL |
Colombia |
IVB |
British Virgin Islands |
PAN |
Panama |
|
COM |
Comoros |
JAM |
Jamaica |
PAR |
Paraguay |
|
CPV |
Cape Verde |
JOR |
Jordan |
PER |
Peru |
|
CRC |
Costa Rica |
JPN |
Japan |
PHI |
Philippines |
|
PLE |
Palestine |
SOL |
Solomon Islands |
TPE |
Taiwan |
|
PLW |
Palau |
SOM |
Somalia |
TRI |
Trinidad and Tobago |
|
PNG |
Papua New Guinea |
SRB |
Serbia |
TUN |
Tunisia |
|
POL |
Poland |
SRI |
Sri Lanka |
TUR |
Turkey |
|
POR |
Portugal |
STP |
Sao Tome and Principe |
TUV |
Tuvalu |
|
PRK |
North Korea |
SUD |
Sudan, The |
UAE |
United Arab Emirates |
|
PUR |
Puerto Rico |
SUI |
Switzerland |
UGA |
Uganda |
|
QAT |
Qatar |
SUR |
Suriname |
UKR |
Ukraine |
|
ROU |
Romania |
SVK |
Slovakia |
URU |
Uruguay |
|
RSA |
South Africa |
SWE |
Sweden |
USA |
United States |
|
RUS |
Russia |
SWZ |
Swaziland |
UZB |
Uzbekistan |
|
RWA |
Rwanda |
SYR |
Syria |
VAN |
Vanuatu |
|
SAM |
Samoa |
TAN |
Tanzania |
VEN |
Venezuela |
|
SEN |
Senegal |
TGA |
Tonga |
VIE |
Vietnam |
|
SEY |
Seychelles |
THA |
Thailand |
VIN |
Saint Vincent and |
|
SIN |
Singapore |
TJK |
Tajikistan |
the Grenadines |
|
|
SKN |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
TKM |
Turkmenistan |
YEM |
Yemen |
|
SLE |
Sierra Leone |
TLS |
East Timor |
ZAM |
Zambia |
|
SLO |
Slovenia |
(Timor Leste) |
ZIM |
Zimbabwe |
|
|
SMR |
San Marino |
TOG |
Togo |
Continental, Historical, and Other Country Codes
|
AFR |
Africa |
DAH |
Dahomey |
KZK |
Kazakhstan |
SCO |
Scotland |
|
AIA |
Anguilla |
DMN |
Dominica |
LIT |
Lithuania |
SKR |
Korea, Rep. of |
|
AME |
The Americas |
ENG |
England |
MAC |
Macao |
(South Korea) |
|
|
ARS |
Saudi Arabia |
EUR |
Europe |
MAU |
Mauritius |
SWZ |
Switzerland |
|
ASI |
Asia |
FRG |
Germany, Federal |
MOL |
Moldova |
TAH |
Tahiti |
|
BIR |
Burma (Myanmar) |
|
Republic of |
MOR |
Morocco |
TAI |
Taiwan |
|
BLS |
Belarus |
FRO |
Faroe Islands |
MSR |
Montserrat |
TCA |
Turks and Caicos |
|
BOH |
Bohemia |
GDR |
German Demo- |
NIC |
Nicaragua |
|
Islands |
|
BOS |
Bosnia and |
|
cratic Republic |
NIR |
Northern Ireland |
TCH |
Czechoslovakia |
|
|
Herzegovina |
HBR |
British Honduras |
NKO |
Korea, Dem. |
UAR |
United Arab Rep. |
|
BUR |
Burma |
HEB |
New Hebrides |
|
People’s Rep. of |
UCS |
Union of the |
|
BWI |
British West |
HOL |
Holland/The |
|
(North Korea) |
|
Czech Rep. and |
|
|
lndies |
|
Netherlands |
OCE |
Oceani |
|
Slovakia |
|
CEY |
Ceylon |
IOA |
International |
PAL |
Palestine |
UNT |
Unified Team2 |
|
CIS |
Commonwealth |
|
Olympic Athlete |
PDR |
Korea, Dem. |
UPV |
Upper Volta |
|
|
of Indep. States |
ICE |
Iceland |
People’s Rep. of |
URS |
USSR |
|
|
CKN |
Congo-Kinshasa |
IHO |
Netherlands India |
PNG |
Papua New |
UVI |
US Virgin Islands |
|
COB |
Congo-Brazzaville |
IVC |
Cote d’Ivoire/Ivory |
Guinea |
WAL |
Wales |
|
|
CSV |
Czechoslovakia |
|
Coast |
RHO |
Rhodesia |
YUG |
Yugoslavia |
|
CUR |
Curagao |
JAP |
Japan |
SAA |
Saarland |
ZAI |
Zaire |
1Macedonia is known in the IOC as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. 2The Unified Team consisted of athletes from the Commonwealth of Independent States plus Georgia.
The James E. Sullivan Memorial Trophy
The trophy has been awarded by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) since 1930 to honor an athlete who, “by his or her performance, example, and influence as an amateur, has done the most during the year to advance the cause of sportsmanship.” The award,named for a past president of the AAU, is usually announced in April. Winners receive a replica in bronze of the original trophy. “Track” refers to track and field.
|
year |
winner sport |
|
|
1930 |
Bobby Jones |
golf |
|
1931 |
Barney Berlinger |
track (decathlon) |
|
1932 |
Jim Bausch |
track (decathlon) |
|
1933 |
Glenn Cunningham |
track (distance running) |
|
1934 |
Bill Bonthron |
track (middle-distance |
|
|
|
running) |
|
1935 |
Lawson Little |
golf |
|
1936 |
Glenn Morris |
track (decathlon) |
|
1937 |
Don Budge |
tennis |
|
year |
winner |
sport |
|
1938 |
Don Lash |
track (distance running) |
|
1939 |
Joe Burk |
rowing |
|
1940 |
Greg Rice |
track (distance running) |
|
1941 |
Leslie MacMitchell |
track (middle-distance |
|
|
|
running) |
|
1942 |
Cornelius “Dutch” |
track (pole vault) |
|
|
Warmerdam |
|
|
1943 |
Gilbert Dodds |
track (middle-distance running) |
By the 6th century bc several sporting festivals had achieved cultural importance in the Greek world. The most prominent among them were the Olympic Games at the city of Olympia, first recorded in 776 bc and held at four-year intervals thereafter. Those games, comprising many of the sports now included in the Summer Games, were abolished in ad 393 by the Roman emperor Theodo-sius I, probably because of their pagan associations.
In 1887 the 24-year-old French aristocrat and educator Pierre, baron de coubertin, conceived the idea of reviving the Olympic Games and spent seven years gathering support for his plan. At a international congress in 1894, his plan was accepted and the International Olympic committee (IOc) was founded. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in April 1896, with some 300 representatives from 13 nations competing. The revival led to the formation of international amateur sports organizations and national Olympic committees throughout the world.
The IOc is responsible for maintaining the regular celebration of the games, seeing that the games are carried out in a spirit of peace and intercultural communication, and promoting amateur sport throughout the world. IOc members may not accept from the government of their country, or from any other entity, instructions that compromise their independence.
|
year |
winner |
sport |
year |
winner |
sport |
|
1944 |
Ann Curtis |
swimming |
1977 |
John Naber |
swimming |
|
1945 |
Doc Blanchard |
football |
1978 |
Tracy Caulkins |
swimming |
|
1946 |
Arnold Tucker |
football |
1979 |
Kurt Thomas |
gymnastics |
|
1947 |
John B. Kelly, Jr. |
rowing |
1980 |
Eric Heiden |
speed skating |
|
1948 |
Bob Mathias |
track (decathlon) |
1981 |
Carl Lewis |
track (sprints/long jump) |
|
1949 |
Dick Button |
figure skating |
1982 |
Mary Decker |
track (distance running) |
|
1950 |
Fred Wilt |
track (distance running) |
1983 |
Edwin Moses |
track (hurdles) |
|
1951 |
Bob Richards |
track (pole vault/ |
1984 |
Greg Louganis |
diving |
|
|
|
decathlon) |
1985 |
Joan Benoit |
track (marathon) |
|
1952 |
Horace Ashenfelter |
track (distance running) |
|
Samuelson |
|
|
1953 |
Sammy Lee |
diving |
1986 |
Jackie Joyner- |
track (heptathlon) |
|
1954 |
Mal Whitfield |
track (middle-distance |
|
Kersee |
|
|
|
|
running) |
1987 |
Jim Abbott |
baseball |
|
1955 |
Harrison Dillard |
track (sprints/hurdles) |
1988 |
Florence Griffith |
track (sprints) |
|
1956 |
Pat McCormick |
diving |
|
Joyner |
|
|
1957 |
Bobby Morrow |
track (sprints) |
1989 |
Janet Evans |
swimming |
|
1958 |
Glenn Davis |
track (hurdles) |
1990 |
John Smith |
freestyle wrestling |
|
1959 |
Parry O’Brien |
track (shot put) |
1991 |
Mike Powell |
track (long jump) |
|
1960 |
Rafer Johnson |
track (decathlon) |
1992 |
Bonnie Blair |
speed skating |
|
1961 |
Wilma Rudolph |
track (sprints) |
1993 |
Charlie Ward |
football |
|
1962 |
Jim Beatty |
track (distance running) |
1994 |
Dan Jansen |
speed skating |
|
1963 |
John Pennel |
track (pole vault) |
1995 |
Bruce Baumgartner |
freestyle wrestling |
|
1964 |
Don Schollander |
swimming |
1996 |
Michael Johnson |
track (middle-distance |
|
1965 |
Bill Bradley |
basketball |
|
|
running) |
|
1966 |
Jim Ryun |
track (middle-distance |
1997 |
Peyton Manning |
football |
|
|
|
running) |
1998 |
Chamique |
basketball |
|
1967 |
Randy Matson |
track (shot put/discus) |
|
Holdsclaw |
|
|
1968 |
Debbie Meyer |
swimming |
1999 |
Coco and Kelly |
basketball |
|
1969 |
Bill Toomey |
track (decathlon) |
|
Miller |
|
|
1970 |
John Kinsella |
swimming |
2000 |
Rulon Gardner |
Greco-Roman wrestling |
|
1971 |
Mark Spitz |
swimming |
2001 |
Michelle Kwan |
figure skating |
|
1972 |
Frank Shorter |
track (distance running) |
2002 |
Sarah Hughes |
figure skating |
|
1973 |
Bill Walton |
basketball |
2003 |
Michael Phelps |
swimming |
|
1974 |
Rick Wohlhuter |
track (middle-distance |
2004 |
Paul Hamm |
gymnastics |
|
|
|
running) |
2005 |
J.J. Redick |
basketball |
|
1975 |
Tim Shaw |
swimming |
2006 |
Jessica Long |
swimming |
|
1976 |
Bruce Jenner |
track (decathlon) |
2007 |
Tim Tebow |
football |
