Ab |
antibody |
Ac |
acetyl group |
ADP |
adenosine diphosphate |
Ala |
alanine residue (also A) |
AMP |
adenosine monophosphate |
Arg |
arginine residue (also R) |
Asn |
asparagine residue (also N) |
Asp |
aspartic acid residue (also D) |
ATP |
adenosine triphosphate |
ATPase |
adenosine triphosphatase |
Bq |
becquerel |
bp |
base-pair |
BSA |
bovine serum albumin |
C |
cytosine base |
cal |
calorie (4.18 J) |
cAMP |
3′,5′-cyclic AMP |
CD |
circular dichroism |
CoA |
coenzyme A |
cDNA |
complementary DNA |
cGMP |
3′,5′-cyclic GMP |
Cmc |
critical micelle concentration |
Cys |
cysteine residue (also C) |
Da |
dalton |
DMSO |
dimethyl sulfoxide |
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
DNase |
deoxyribonuclease |
DTT |
dithiothreitol |
EDTA |
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid |
EG |
[ethylenebis(oxonitrilo)] tetraacetic acid |
EGF |
epidermal growth factor |
ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
EM |
electron microscopy |
EPR, ESR |
electron paramagnetic (or sign) resonance |
ER |
endoplasmic reticulum |
EXAFS |
extended X-ray absorption fine structure |
FAD |
flavin-adenine dinucleotide |
fMet |
JV-formyl methionine |
FMN |
flavin mononucleotide |
FPLC |
fast protein liquid chromatography |
G |
Gibbs free energy of a system |
G |
guanine base |
G-protein |
guanine-nucleotide binding regulatory protein |
GABA |
g-aminobutyric acid |
GalNAc |
AT-acetylgalactosamine residue |
GdmCl |
guanidinium chloride (guanidine hydrochloride) |
GDP |
guanosine diphosphate |
Glc |
glucose residue |
GlcNAc |
iV-acetylglucosamine residue |
Gin |
glutamine residue (also Q) |
Glu |
glutamic acid residue (also E) |
Gly |
glycine residue (also G) |
GMP |
guanoine monophosphate |
GSH |
glutathione, thiol form |
GSSG |
glutathione, disulfide form |
GTP |
guanosine triphosphate |
GTPase |
guanQsine triphosphatase |
H |
enthalpy of a system |
h |
hour |
His |
histidine residue (also H) |
HLA |
histocompatibility locus antigen |
HPLC |
high pressure liquid chromatography |
Hz |
hertz, frequency |
IEF |
isoelectric focusing IgG, IgA, IgM, etc. |
immunoglobuin G, A, M. etc. |
|
lie |
isoleucine residue (also I) |
Ins |
inositol residue |
IR |
infrared |
J |
joule |
K |
degrees Kelvin, absolute temperature |
k |
rate constant for a specified reaction |
association constant |
|
dissociation constant |
|
equilibrium constant for a specified reaction |
|
Michaelis constant |
|
kb |
kilobases |
kcal |
kilocalorie (4.18 kJ) |
kDa |
kilodalton |
LDL |
low density lipoprotein |
Leu |
leucine residue (also L) |
Lys |
lysine residue (also K) |
m |
meter |
mAb |
monoclonal antibody |
Met |
methionine residue (also M) |
MHC |
major histocompability locus |
min |
minute |
mol |
mole |
Mr |
relative molecular mass |
mRNA |
messenger RNA |
MS |
mass spectroscopy |
mtDNA |
mitochondrial DNA |
Mur |
muramic acid residue |
MurNAc |
iV-acetylmuramic acid residue |
NAD+ |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized) |
NADH |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) |
NADP+ |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
(oxidized) |
|
NADPH |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
(reduced) |
|
NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
PAGE |
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
PBS |
phosphate-buffered saline |
PCR |
polymerase chain reaction |
PEG |
polyethylene glycol |
pH |
negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration |
Phe |
phenylalanine residue (also F) |
Pi |
inorganic phosphate |
PPx |
inorganic pyrophosphate |
p.p.m. |
parts per million |
Pro |
proline residue (also P) |
R |
gas constant (8.21451 J/iK1 mol"1)) |
RIA |
radioimmunoassay |
RNA |
ribonucleic acid |
RNase |
ribonuclease |
RNP |
ribonucleoprotein |
rRNA |
ribosomal RNA |
S |
entropy of a system |
S |
|
s |
second |
s |
sedimentation coefficient |
SDS |
sodium dodecyl sulfate |
snRNA |
small nuclear RNA |
SRP |
signal recognition particle |
T |
temperature |
T |
thymine residue |
TF |
transcription factor |
Thr |
threonine residue (also T) |
Tm |
midpoint of temperature induced transition |
Tri |
tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane |
tRNA |
transfer RNA |
Trp |
tryptophan residue (also W) |
TTP |
thymidine triphosphate |
Tyr |
tyrosine residue (also Y) |
U |
uracil residue |
UDP |
uridine diphosphate |
UMP |
uridine monophosphate |
UTP |
uridine triphosphate |
UV |
ultraviolet |
V |
volume |
maximum enzyme catalyzed velocity |
|
Val |
valine residue (also V) |
WT |
wild-type |
Xyl |
xylose residue |