COMMONLY USED ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (Molecular Biology)

 

tmpFF-1

angstromtmpFF-2

Ab

antibody

Ac

acetyl group

ADP

adenosine diphosphate

Ala


alanine residue (also A)

AMP

adenosine monophosphate

Arg

arginine residue (also R)

Asn

asparagine residue (also N)

Asp

aspartic acid residue (also D)

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

ATPase

adenosine triphosphatase

Bq

becquerel

bp

base-pair

BSA

bovine serum albumin

C

cytosine base

cal

calorie (4.18 J)

cAMP

3′,5′-cyclic AMP

CD

circular dichroism

CoA

coenzyme A

cDNA

complementary DNA

cGMP

3′,5′-cyclic GMP

Cmc

critical micelle concentration

Cys

cysteine residue (also C)

Da

dalton

DMSO

dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNase

deoxyribonuclease

DTT

dithiothreitol

EDTA

ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

EG

[ethylenebis(oxonitrilo)] tetraacetic acid

EGF

epidermal growth factor

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EM

electron microscopy

EPR, ESR

electron paramagnetic (or sign) resonance

ER

endoplasmic reticulum

EXAFS

extended X-ray absorption fine structure

FAD

flavin-adenine dinucleotide

fMet

JV-formyl methionine

FMN

flavin mononucleotide

FPLC

fast protein liquid chromatography

G

Gibbs free energy of a system

G

guanine base

G-protein

guanine-nucleotide binding regulatory protein

GABA

g-aminobutyric acid

GalNAc

AT-acetylgalactosamine residue

GdmCl

guanidinium chloride (guanidine hydrochloride)

GDP

guanosine diphosphate

Glc

glucose residue

GlcNAc

iV-acetylglucosamine residue

Gin

glutamine residue (also Q)

Glu

glutamic acid residue (also E)

Gly

glycine residue (also G)

GMP

guanoine monophosphate

GSH

glutathione, thiol form

GSSG

glutathione, disulfide form

GTP

guanosine triphosphate

GTPase

guanQsine triphosphatase

H

enthalpy of a system

h

hour

His

histidine residue (also H)

HLA

histocompatibility locus antigen

HPLC

high pressure liquid chromatography

Hz

hertz, frequency

IEF

isoelectric focusing IgG, IgA, IgM, etc.

immunoglobuin G, A, M. etc.

lie

isoleucine residue (also I)

Ins

inositol residue

IR

infrared

J

joule

K

degrees Kelvin, absolute temperature

k

rate constant for a specified reaction

tmpFF-4

association constant

tmpFF-5

dissociation constant

tmpFF-6

equilibrium constant for a specified reaction

tmpFF-7

Michaelis constant

kb

kilobases

kcal

kilocalorie (4.18 kJ)

kDa

kilodalton

LDL

low density lipoprotein

Leu

leucine residue (also L)

Lys

lysine residue (also K)

m

meter

mAb

monoclonal antibody

Met

methionine residue (also M)

MHC

major histocompability locus

min

minute

mol

mole

Mr

relative molecular mass

mRNA

messenger RNA

MS

mass spectroscopy

mtDNA

mitochondrial DNA

Mur

muramic acid residue

MurNAc

iV-acetylmuramic acid residue

NAD+

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)

NADH

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

NADP+

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

(oxidized)

NADPH

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

(reduced)

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

PAGE

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PBS

phosphate-buffered saline

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

PEG

polyethylene glycol

pH

negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration

Phe

phenylalanine residue (also F)

Pi

inorganic phosphate

PPx

inorganic pyrophosphate

p.p.m.

parts per million

Pro

proline residue (also P)

R

gas constant (8.21451 J/iK1 mol"1))

RIA

radioimmunoassay

RNA

ribonucleic acid

RNase

ribonuclease

RNP

ribonucleoprotein

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

S

entropy of a system

S

Svedberg sedimentation unittmpFF-3

s

second

s

sedimentation coefficient

SDS

sodium dodecyl sulfate

snRNA

small nuclear RNA

SRP

signal recognition particle

T

temperature

T

thymine residue

TF

transcription factor

Thr

threonine residue (also T)

Tm

midpoint of temperature induced transition

Tri

tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane

tRNA

transfer RNA

Trp

tryptophan residue (also W)

TTP

thymidine triphosphate

Tyr

tyrosine residue (also Y)

U

uracil residue

UDP

uridine diphosphate

UMP

uridine monophosphate

UTP

uridine triphosphate

UV

ultraviolet

V

volume

tmpFF-8

maximum enzyme catalyzed velocity

Val

valine residue (also V)

WT

wild-type

Xyl

xylose residue

 

 

 

 

 

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