Statistics

G2 To Guy, William Augustus (1810-1885) (Statistics)

G2: Symbol for the goodness-of-fit test statistic based on the likelihood ratio, often used when using log-linear models. Specifically given by where O and E denote observed and expected frequencies. Also used more generally to denote deviance. Gabor regression: An approach to the modelling of time-frequency surfaces that consists of a Bayesian regularization scheme in […]

H0: To Hypothesis testing (Statistics)

H0 Symbol for null hypothesis. Hi: Symbol for alternative hypothesis. Hadamard matrix: An n x n matrix Hn consisting entirely of ±1s and such that HnHn = diag(n, n,…, n). Important in response surface methodology. Haenszel, William (1910-1998): Born in Rochester, New York, Haenszel received a B.A.degree in sociology and mathematics from the University of […]

ICM To Iterative proportional fitting (Statistics)

ICM: Abbreviation for iterated conditional modes algorithm. IDA: Abbreviation for initial data analysis. Idempotent matrix: A symmetric matrix, A, with the property that A = A2. An example is Identification: The degree to which there is sufficient information in the sample observations to estimate the parameters in a proposed model. An unidentified model is one […]

Jaccard coefficient To J-shaped distribution (Statistics)

Jaccard coefficient: A similarity coefficient for use with data consisting of a series of binary variables that is often used in cluster analysis. The coefficient is given by where a, b and c are three of the frequencies in the 2 x 2 cross-classification of the variable values for subjects i and j. The critical […]

(k1, k2)-design To Kurtosis (Statistics)

(k1, k2)-design: An unbalanced design in which two measurements are made on a sample of k2 individuals and only a single measurement made on a further kj individuals. Kalman filter: A recursive procedure that provides an estimate of a signal when only the ‘noisy signal’ can be observed. The estimate is effectively constructed by putting […]

L'Abbe plot To Lynden-Bell method (Statistics)

L’Abbe plot: A plot often used in the meta-analysis of clinical trials where the outcome is a binary response. The event risk (number of events/number of patients in a group) in the treatment groups are plotted against the risk for the controls of each trial. If the trials are fairly homogeneous the points will form […]

Mack-Wolfe test To Meta regression (Statistics)

Mack-Wolfe test: A distribution free test for one way designs for testing a null hypothesis of equality against an alternative specifying an umbrella ordering. MAD: Abbreviation for median absolute deviation. MADAM: Abbreviation for mean and dispersion additive model. Mahalanobis D2: A measure of the distance between two groups of individuals given by where x 1 […]

Method of moments To MZIP (Statistics)

Method of moments: A procedure for estimating the parameters in a model by equating sample moments to their population values. A famous early example of the use of the procedure is in Karl Pearson’s description of estimating the five parameters in a finite mixture distribution with two univariate normal components. Little used in modern statistics […]

NAG To Nyquist frequency (Statistics)

NAG: Numerical Algorithms Group producing many useful subroutines relevant to statistics. Naor’s distribution: A discrete probability distribution that arises from the following model; Suppose an urn contains n balls of which one is red and the remainder are white. Sampling with replacement of a white ball (if drawn) by a red ball continues until a […]

Oblique factors To Overviews (Statistics)

Oblique factors: A term used in factor analysis for common factors that are allowed to be correlated. O’Brien-Fleming method: A method of interim analysis in a clinical trial in which very small P-values are required for the early stopping of a trial, whereas later values for stopping are closer to conventional levels of significance. O’Brien’s […]

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