Police Science

  In the late 1980s, a promising tool was developed for deterring drug sales from indoor locations that are difficult to attack using regular police enforcement tactics. This tool applies nuisance abatement ordinances to pressure property owners to take action to stop drug sales on their premises under threat of closure or confiscation. This article […]

ABUSE OF AUTHORITY BY POLICE

  Police officers in the United States are asked by the general public to intervene in multiple types of critical incidents. Whether it is responding to a bank robbery or trying to calm a complainant in a domestic disturbance call, police officers are occupationally mandated to assume to variable degrees the roles of law enforcement […]

ACCIDENTAL DEATHS/ ASSAULTS AGAINST POLICE AND MURDER OF POLICE OFFICERS

  On an almost daily basis, law enforcement officers in jurisdictions of all sizes encounter individuals and circumstances that pose a high risk of personal injury, assault, and sometimes death. The continuum of risks and the circumstances in which they arise are as broad as they are varied. Officers can receive anything from minor cuts […]

ACADEMIES, POLICE

  Police training has come a long way since the days when officer candidates simply paid the going rate to local politicians, received the tools of their job (a badge, a club, and a list of local ordinances), and hit the streets. Today, police officers typically receive about 720 hours of formal academy training on […]

ALARMS AS CRIME PREVENTION (police)

  Intrusion or burglar alarms have been around for more than seventy-five years (Michael 1931). Commercial establishments such as banks use them to protect their vaults. Airports use alarms to control and restrict access to secured locations. Residential homeowners use them to guard against home burglary. At issue is whether alarms can prevent crime. Security […]

AIRPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY (police)

  How safe are airports and commercial airplanes? The aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, has shed light on the lax standards of airport safety and security throughout the United States. After all, the hijackers were able to board four different U.S. flights with box cutters either on their person or in […]

AGE AND CRIME (police)

  The relationship between aging and criminal activity has been noted since the beginnings of criminology. For example, Adolphe Quetelet (1833) found that the proportion of the population involved in crime tends to peak in adolescence or early adulthood and then decline with age. This age-crime relationship is remarkably similar across historical periods, geographic locations, […]

ADMINISTRATION OF POLICE AGENCIES, THEORIES OF

  Theories of police administration have been largely derived from the more general fields of organization theory, public administration, and business administration. Police administration text topics and training programs have changed over the years, sometimes in response to new developments in the practice of police administration, and sometimes in response to new ideas and concepts […]

ACCOUNTABILITY (police)

  The power of police in any society is derived from the communities they serve. The public invests responsibility in its police to enforce the laws and, in some rare cases, to use force against citizens. This is an extremely important set of responsibilities that police must use with caution and care. In cases where […]

ASIAN POLICING SYSTEMS

  As the largest and most populous continent, Asia is merely a geographic term. Asia can be divided into six regions. Our focus is confined to East Asia and Southeast Asia because these peoples as well as their cultures resemble each other more than any other regions of Asia. Like the concept of Asia, East […]