Neurological Disorders

Development of Foamy Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders and Other Diseases (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 2

Non-replicating HFV The second generation FV vectors were non-replicating HFV, lacking portions of the structure gene. The recombinant foamy virus vectors (pFGPSN and pFGPMAP) were constructed by replacing a portion of the env gene with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of the SV40 early promoter and the human placental alkaline phosphatase gene under […]

Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Pressure Waveform Morphology (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 1

Introduction The cranial vault is composed of four fundamental components: arterial blood, venous blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain parenchyma. Intracranial pressure (ICP) represents the pressure within the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The environment within the cranial vault is unique compared to other organ systems; it is enclosed within a rigid skull and […]

Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Pressure Waveform Morphology (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 2

Detection of decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) The measure of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an indicator of perfusion and is therefore very useful in neurocritical care. While imaging techniques provide a snapshot in time and invasive monitors offer continuous readings of the CBF, they usually carry additional risks and require additional equipments and increased […]

Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Pressure Waveform Morphology (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 3

Acute hypercapnic cerebral vasodilatation The influence of changes within the cerebral vasculature and there impact on ICP remain poorly understood in humans. Studies [49] have shown that in head injured patients, the cerebral perfusion pressure is inversely proportional to the amplitude of pulsatile inflow and, consequently, the exponential shape of the pressure-volume relationship is not […]

Developing Novel Methods for Protein Analysis and Their Potential Implementation in Diagnosing Neurological Diseases (Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders) Part 1

Introduction The objective of this paper is to introduce a new topic in protein analyses and profiling in general, and to discuss on the potential practical implementation in detecting neurological diseases. A need for such a research occurs due to the arguable fact that new techniques and methods for protein analyses have been developing, and […]

Developing Novel Methods for Protein Analysis and Their Potential Implementation in Diagnosing Neurological Diseases (Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders) Part 2

Conventional DISC-PAGE and IEF Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DISC-PAGE) is one of the most widely used techniques for analytical separation of proteins and peptides. DISC-PAGE separations are based upon the intrinsic protein charge-to-mass ratio and the molecular mass of the protein (Chiou 1999). Polyacrylamide gels are thermostable, transparent, strong and chemically inert, can be prepared […]

Developing Novel Methods for Protein Analysis and Their Potential Implementation in Diagnosing Neurological Diseases (Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders) Part 3

Top-down proteomics analysis As a tool for proteins and peptides separated by electrophoresis or chromatography, and with or without previous fragmentation, mass spectrometry has been applied in several different ways; the two approaches are top-down and bottom-up MS. Top-down MS is the direct analysis of proteins on the intact level. Bottom-up approach identifies proteins following […]

Developing Novel Methods for Protein Analysis and Their Potential Implementation in Diagnosing Neurological Diseases (Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders) Part 4

Qualitative CysC MSIA assay in CSF and serum Cystatin C is a serine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin gene family (Jarvinen, Rinne et al. 1987; Mussap and Plebani 2004). It inhibits both endogenous proteases, such as liposomal cathepsins, and proteases of parasites and microorganisms. It is a non-glycosilated single chain protein with […]

Angelman Syndrome: Proteomics Analysis of an UBE3A Knockout Mouse and Its Implications (Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders) Part 1

Introduction Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder with an incidence of 1 in 15,000, and it was first described in 1965 by Harry Angelman (1,2). It is characterized by a severe developmental delay together with mental disorders, movement disorders and behavioral abnormalities. Early severe epilepsy, sleep alteration, ataxia, important gait, absence of language and […]

Angelman Syndrome: Proteomics Analysis of an UBE3A Knockout Mouse and Its Implications (Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders) Part 2

Results In this project, the effects of the loss of UBE3A proteins were investigated using Ube3a knockout mice. Two-D DIGE method [Figure 1] was used to identify candidate substrates of Ube3a in the cerebellum and hippocampus; a total of 94 proteins and 74 proteins were initially found differentially expressed in the cerebellum or hippocampus of […]

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