Ancient Egypt

Nefret (fl. 20th century b.c.e.) To Nubia

Royal woman of the Twelfth Dynasty The mother of amenemhet i (r. 1991-1962 b.c.e.), Nefret was a commoner, supposedly of Nubian descent and from thebes. When Amenemhet I usurped the throne upon the death of montuhotep iv, founding the Twelfth Dynasty, Nefret received the title of King’s Mother. she was mentioned in nefer-rohu’s prophecy. Nefrusheri […]

Nebwawi (fl. 15th century b.c.e.) To Neferu-Re (fl. 15th century b.c.e.)

Priestly official of the Eighteenth Dynasty Nebwawi was the high priest of osiris at abydos in the reigns of tuthmosis iii (1479-1425 b.c.e.) and amenhotep ii (1427-1401 b.c.e.). He served hatshepsut (r. 1473-1458 b.c.e.) in several capacities but managed to stay in favor with her successors. on occasion, Nebwawi was summoned to the court to […]

Mutnodjmet (1) (fl. 14th century b.c.e.) To Nebusemekh

Royal woman of the Eighteenth Dynasty She was the consort of horemhab (r. 1319-1307 b.c.e.). Possibly the sister of Queen nefertiti, Mutnodjmet was depicted in the tomb of panhesi, an official of the era, with her dwarf attendants. Maya’s tomb also portrays her and her retinue. Her mummy was recovered in Horemhab’s original tomb at […]

Montuhotep III (S'ankhare) (d. 1998 b.c.e.) To Mutemwiya (fl. 14th century b.c.e.)

Fifth ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty He reigned from 2010 b.c.e. until his death. Montuhotep III was the son of montuhotep ii and Queen tem (2) or possibly neferu (1). He ascended the throne at an advanced age, and he is recorded on the abydos and saqqara Ruler Lists and in the TURIN canon. A […]

Medinet Habu Calendar To Merit (2)

This was the most elaborate display of a calendar prior to the ptolemaic period (304-30 b.c.e.), a unique aspect of the medinet habu temple erected by ramesses iii (r. 1194-1163 b.c.e.) at thebes. During the reign of Ramesses III the feasts honoring the deity amun were staged at Medinet Habu. The Medinet Habu calendar was […]

Meritites (1) (fl. 26th century b.c.e.) To military

Royal woman of the Fourth Dynasty A consort of khufu (Cheops; r. 2551-2528 b.c.e.), Meritites was the mother of Prince kewab and Princess het-epheres (2), Princess merysankh (2), and Princess djedefhor and baufre. She was buried in giza. The royal family of Khufu was divided between two factions, and Meritites’ son Kewab, who was the […]

Masara Stela To Medinet Habu (Djemet)

This is a memorial dating to the reign of ‘ahmose (1550-1525 b.c.e.), the founder of the New Kingdom. A quarry was opened at Masara on the eastern bank of the Nile by ‘Ahmose, and the limestone quarried there was used for temples and shrines in Luxor and Heliopolis. An official named Neferperet erected a stela […]

Leontopolis (To-Remu, Taremu, Tell el-Mugdam) To Ma'adi

This is a site known today as Tell el-Mugdam, in the Delta, that was the cultic center for the lion deity Mihas. called To-Remu or Taremu by the Egyptians, Leontopolis was on the right bank of the Damietta branch of the Nile. The deities shu and tefnut were also worshiped there in lion form. A […]

LOWER EGYPT To LATE PERIOD (712-332 b.c.e.)

Faiyum A (4400-3900 b.c.e.) was a cultural sequence that emerged on the northern and northeastern shores of an ancient lake in the Faiyum district, possibly seasonal in habitation. The site was occupied by agriculturalists, but it is evident that they depended upon fishing and hunting and may have moved with the changes of the yearly […]

Ma'ahes (Mehos) To Masara

An Egyptian lion deity also called Mehos and reportedly Nubian (modern Sudanese) in origin, the cult center of Ma’ahes was at leontopolis, where the Egyptians addressed him as patron of the nation. He was depicted as a man wearing the atef crown or as a lion devouring Egypt’s enemies. There were other lion cults, including […]