Icing To Individual (Aviation)

Icingnoun a process by which part of the aircraft becomes covered in ice while in flight o Engine icing can be extremely hazardous to flight. o Airframe icing can be encountered in wave cloud.

i anti-icing, de-icing idealadjective perfect, as good as can be expected or the best possible □ an ideal situation a very good situation □ ideal flying conditions very good flying conditions identnoun a function on the transponder panel which helps a controller to identify the aircraft o The ident is suppressed until the .standby VOR is fully run-up and has passed its monitor checks. Full form identity identicaladjective exactly the same □ identical computers computers which are exactly the same identificationnoun the process by which a person, aircraft, etc., is recognized □ identification of ground features means by which particular features on a chart, such as railway lines or bridges, are matched with the real feature on the ground

identification beaconnoun an aeronautical beacon which gives out a Morse signal which enables a pilot to establish their location in relation to the beacon o Civil and military aerodrome identification beacons can be distinguished by colour.

identifiernoun a grouped number/letter code by which a weather station or beacon can be recognised o When a TAF requires amendment, the amended forecast is indicated by inserting AMD (amended) after TAF in the identifier and this new forecast covers the remaining validity period of the original TAF.

identifyverb to recognize  Crew members can be identified by their uniforms. o In conditions of poor visibility, it is sometimes difficult to identify ground features.

identitynoun the name and details of a person, aircraft, etc. o The air traffic controllers are trying to establish the identity of the aircraft. i> ident

idlenoun the state of an engine when it is running but not delivering power to move the vehicle or aircraft ■ verb to turn over slowly without providing enough power to move the vehicle or aircraft o After starting a piston engine from cold, it is good practice to allow it to idle for a short time before opening the throttle wide.

idle cut-off‘ noun a position on the mixture control of a light aircraft which allows the engine to be shut down without leaving a combustible fuel/air mixture in the engine idle rpmnoun the speed at which a piston engine turns when it is not running fast enough to move the vehicle or aircraft, i.e. on a light aircraft when the throttle is almost closed

idlingnoun a state in which the engine is turning over slowly without providing enough power to move the vehicle or aircraft

idling speednoun the rpm of the engine when it is idling o After start-up, the engine accelerates up to idling speed. o Before the engine is stopped, it should normally be allowed to run for a short period at idling speed to ensure gradual cooling. IF abbreviation 1. instrument flying 2. intermediate frequency IFR abbreviation instrument flight rules

igniteverb to burn or cause to burn o The spark plug ignites the fuel/air mixture. o The air/fuel mixture ignites.

igniternoun a device for starting gas turbine engines o An electric spark from the igniter plug starts combustion.

ignitionnoun 1. the start of burning of a substance o Satisfactory ignition depends on the quality of the fuel. 2. the moment, in an internal combustion engine, when a spark from the spark plug causes the fuel/air mixture to burn o Ignition should occur just before top-dead-centre. 3. an electrical system, usually powered by a battery or magneto, that provides the spark to ignite the fuel mixture in an internal-combustion engine o Ignition problems are a source of many engine failures. 4. a switch that activates the ignition system □ the key is in the ignition the key is in its position in the ignition lock

ignition keynoun a key used to switch on the ignition ignition locknoun a key-operated switch for activating the ignition circuit of an aircraft or a vehicle

illuminateverb 1. to give light to an otherwise dark area o A flare illuminates the ground below it. 2. to show a light or become bright o When the aircraft is 5 knots above stalling speed, a warning lamp illuminates. illuminationnoun light o Batteries provide about 20 minutes illumination for the lamp. □ daylight illumination the amount of light in normal daytime conditions

illustrateverb 1. to demonstrate or explain clearly, often by using pictures o Contour charts illustrate the horizontal distribution of height above mean sea level. 2. to show as an example o A number of aviation disasters have illustrated the importance of clear, correct use of language in R/T (Radiotelephony) communications.

illustrationnoun 1.a picture which explains something o The illustration on page 23 shows a cross section of a typical gas-turbine engine. 2. an example o The mechanics of the fohn wind provide a good illustration of the adiabatic process in action. ILS abbreviation instrument landing system

ILS glideslopenoun a radio beam in an ILS which gives vertical guidance o The angle of the glide slope is usually about three degrees to the horizontal.

i glideslope

ILS locator beaconnoun a non-directional beacon used for final approach o Power output can be as little as 15 watts for an ILS locator beacon.

IM abbreviation inner marker image_ noun a reproduction of the form of an object or person o Although difficult to see, the photograph shows the image of the aircraft with part of the fin missing. (note: It suggests that the image has no detail and that it is the shape which is important.)

imaginaryadjective not real o The equator is an imaginary line around the earth. IMC abbreviation instrument meteorological conditions

immediateadjective 1. happening at once or instantly o Fire extinguishers should be ready for immediate use in the event of an emergency. □ in the immediate future in the very near future 2. nearby, close at hand o The immediate area surrounding the Earth is known as the atmosphere.

immerseverb to cover completely in liquid, to submerge o Fuel is pumped from the main tanks via fully immersed booster pumps mounted on the base of the fuel tank.

imminent ,adjective due to happen in a very short time o The transmission made it clear that the aircraft was in imminent danger. o A message from the flight deck informs cabin staff that take-off is imminent.

impactnoun the striking of one body against another, a collision □ on impact as soon as it hit something One of the tyres burst on impact (with the ground). o Super-cooled water droplets start to freeze on impact with an aircraft surface.

impact resistancenoun the ability of a material to withstand an impact

impairverb to cause to become less effective o Constant exposure to very loud noise impairs the hearing. o The pilot’s vision may be temporarily impaired by lightning flashes. o An incorrect grade of fuel impairs engine performance.

impairmentnoun a lessening of effectiveness o De-icing equipment is used to prevent impairment of the lifting surfaces through ice formation.

impartverb to give, to pass on A rotating propeller imparts rearward motion to a mass of air. impedancenoun total electrical resistance to current flow in an alternating current circuit o Impedance will vary with changes in frequency.

impedeverb to hinder or obstruct progress o Hills and mountains impede the horizontal flow of air. impellernoun a rotor used to force a fluid in a particular direction

importancenoun significance, strong effect or influence o Upper winds are of great importance in meteorology. (note: The expressions of fundamental importance, of great importance, of prime importance, of utmost importance, of vital importance all mean very important.)

import dutynoun payment made to a government on particular goods imported or exported o the duty payable on a carton of cigarettes Also called customs duty, duty

imposeverb 1. to force something upon a person or thing o The trimmer is used to ease the loads imposed on the flying controls during flight. 2. □ to impose a fine to require somebody to pay a sum of money as punishment □ to impose restrictions to place limitations on somebody’s actions

improveverb to make or become better o Turbochargers improve aircraft performance. o The trainee’s flying skills improved a lot in a short period of time.

improvement‘ noun the process of becoming better, or something that makes a thing better o An improvement in weather conditions enabled the flight to depart.

impulsenoun a force of short duration o A magneto is designed to produce electrical impulses one after another at precise intervals, so that each separate impulse can be used to provide a spark at a spark plug.

impulse magnetonoun a magneto with a mechanism to give a sudden rotation and thus produce a strong spark

inabilitynoun the fact of being unable to do something

inactiveadjective not switched on, in a passive state At the time of the accident the autopilot was inactive.

inadvertentadjective not intended, not meant, accidental o A safety mechanism prevents inadvertent retraction of the undercarriage while the aircraft is on the ground.

inboardadverb closer to the centre of an aircraft rather than the sides or edges

inbound ,adverb, adjective towards a destination o The aircraft flies outbound from the beacon along the airway and inbound to the facility at the other end of the leg. □ inbound traffic aircraft flying towards an airfield

incapacity‘ noun the inability to do what is needed, not having the necessary power to do something □ crew incapacity an injury to a crew member which prevents him or her from performing his or her normal duties o Accident research has shown that crew incapacity greatly increases the risk to passengers’ safety.

inchnoun a British Imperial System unit of length, also used in the US, equal to 25.4 millimetres or 2.54 centimetres or 1/12 of a foot. Abbreviation in (note: The plural form is inches, usually written in or " with numbers, 5ft 6in or 5′ 6". Say five foot six inches.)

incidencenoun the frequency of occurrence o The incidence of structural failure has decreased with the introduction of modern construction materials and techniques.

incidentnoun an event or happening which interrupts normal procedure o A violent passenger had to be removed from the aircraft before departure, and details of the incident were reported in the local newspapers.

‘…in 1995, a pilot flying above Las Vegas was struck by a laser beam and incapacitated for more than two hours. It was one of over fifty incidents involving lasers and aircraft reported in the area that year’ [Pilot]

inclinationnoun a slope or slant from the horizontal or vertical

inclineverb to slope or slant from the horizontal or vertical, to tilt o The runway inclines slightly upwards. ■ noun a slope or slant o There is a steep incline at the end of the runway.

inclinometernoun the lower part of a turn coordinator, in which a ball in a sealed curved tube indicates if a turn is coordinated. Also called rudder ball. » ball

includeverb to take in as a part, to count along with others o Solid particles in the atmosphere include dust, sand, volcanic ash and atmospheric pollution. o A fuel system includes tanks, fuel lines, fuel pumps, fuel filters and a carburettor or fuel injection system.

Opposite exclude inclusiveadjective taking in the extremes in addition to the part in between □ bearings 180° to 270° inclusive bearings 180° and 270° are part of the range of bearings mentioned

incomingadjective something which is being received, e.g. radio waves or solar radiation o incoming transmissions o incoming signal o There is a fall of temperature until about one hour after dawn when incoming solar radiation balances outgoing terrestrial radiation. Opposite outgoing

incorporateverb to include as part of something which already exists o Some types of outflow valve incorporate safety valves. o Warning lamps often incorporate a press-to-test facility. ‘.the instrument panel on the Mooney Encore has been re-engineered to incorporate improvements’ [Civil Aviation Training]

incorrectadjective not correct, not right o If the trim position is incorrect, a warning horn will sound when number three thrust lever is advanced.

increase noun‘ a rise to a greater number or degree o Decreasing engine rpm results in an increase in the rate of descent. Opposite reduction ■

verbto become greater or more, to rise o As you increase height, the countryside below you appears to flatten out. Opposite reduce ► opposite (all senses) decrease

increment‘ noun some thing added o The minimum detection range of a pulse radar system is equal to half the pulse length plus a small increment.

incurverb to acquire or to receive something, often something unwanted o Fuel penalties can be incurred if fuel surplus to requirements is carried. o In some aircraft, the datum shift is operated automatically to cater for any large trim changes incurred by operating undercarriage, flaps, etc. (note: incurring – incurred) □ to incur a financial loss to lose money, in a business or commercial sense

indefiniteadjective without limits □ an indefinite period of time a period of time which, in reality, may have no end

independentadjective free from the influence or effects of other people or things o Airspeed is independent of wind and is the same regardless whether the aircraft is flying upwind, downwind or at any angle to the wind. □ independent system a system which can operate by itself

indexnoun an alphabetical list of references to page numbers found at the end of a book or long document (note: The plural form is indexes or indices.)

index letterindex number noun a letter or number which makes it easier to reference or look up information o Each observing meteorological station is shown on the chart as a small circle, identified by its own index number. indicate .¹ verb 1. to show or point out o A lamp on the instrument panel will indicate when the pump is operating. o The needle indicated to zero. 2. to serve as a sign or symptom o Black smoke from the exhaust may indicate a rich mixture or worn piston rings.

indicated airspeednoun the airspeed shown by the cockpit or flight-deck instrument o The aircraft stalls at an indicated airspeed of 50 knots. Abbreviation IAS

indicationnoun 1.pointing out o Indication of altitude is given on the altimeter. 2. a sign or symptom o A drop in engine rpm is an indication of ice forming in the carburettor. □ audible indication a sound which serves as a warning, e.g. a bleep

indicatornoun some thing which shows information

Individualadjective existing as a separate thing o The hydraulic braking system consists of a master cylinder with individual brake cylinders at each wheel. o There is a maintenance manual for each individual engine. ■ noun a separate human being considered as one rather than as a member of a larger group o The instructor regards her trainees as a number of individuals rather than a group.