Entry point To Exercise (Aviation)

Entry pointnoun a position on the ground above which an aircraft entering a control zone crosses the boundary

envelopverb to surround and cover o The atmosphere envelops the earth.

envelopenoun 1. the set of limitations within which a technological system, especially an aircraft, can perform safely and effectively o The boundaries of flight envelopes vary between aircraft categories and performance groups but in each case, there is a speed which must not be exceeded which is called the Vne (never-exceed speed). 2. a cover o The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth.

environmentnoun1. nearby conditions or circumstances o A body of air warmer than its environment will rise. □ a non-computer environment a computer-free working situation 2. the natural world in which people, animals and plants live o People are interested in issues to do with the environment, such as global warming.

environmentaladjective referring to the immediate surroundings o environmental conditions

environmental control systemnoun an air-conditioning system for the aircraft. Abbreviation ECS

environmental lapse ratenoun the rate at which the temperature of the air falls as one rises above the earth o Although there is an average ELR of 1.98°C per 1,000 feet, in practice the ELR varies considerably with space and time. Abbreviation ELR

epoxy-based primernoun a primer containing epoxy resin, a substance which, with the addition of hardeners, becomes very strong and hard after a time at normal temperatures

equaladjective having the same quantity, measure, or value as another o For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. ■ verb to be the same in value as o Two plus two equals four (2 + 2 = 4).

equaliseequalize verb to become the same in quantity, measure or value o Fluid pressure and gas pressure equalise at normal system pressure.

equateverb to be the same as o In an electrical circuit, an increase in length equates to an increase in resistance.

equationnoun a statement, usually in symbols, that two quantities or mathematical expressions are equal o X2 + Y2 = Z2. o The equation Vg = P can be used to find the geos-trophic wind.

equatornoun the imaginary great circle around the Earth’s surface, equidistant from the poles and perpendicular to the Earth’s axis of rotation which divides the Earth into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere o Every point on the equator is equidistant from the poles.

equatorialadjective referring to the equator or to conditions that exist at the Earth’s equator o equatorial heat o equatorial climate

equilibriumnoun a state of physical balance o When an aircraft is in unaccelerated straight and level flight at a constant speed, the forces of lift, thrust, weight and drag are in equilibrium.

equipmentnoun devices, systems, machines, etc., that are needed for a particular purpose (note: Equipment has no plural form; for one item say: a piece of equipment.) □ electrical equipment devices, components, systems, etc., which use electricity

equivalentadjective having the same purpose or value as something else o The function of a logic gate is equivalent to that of a switch. o A metal part could be as much as 25 times heavier than an equivalent plastic part.

equivalent shaft horsepowernoun the unit used for stating the total power of a turboprop engine, consisting of the shaft horsepower of the engine plus the thrust from the engine.

Abbreviation ESHP

errornoun 1. a mistake or incorrect calculation o an error in somebody ‘s work o errors caused by location 2. the known inaccuracy of an instrument or system which has to be corrected by calculating the true value escapenoun the act of get ting away from or out of a place after being held □ escape of fuel or oil unwanted loss of fuel or oil □ escape from danger getting to a safe place ■ verb to get away from or out of after being held o If there is a hole in the fuselage of a pressurised aircraft, air escapes from the cabin to the atmosphere.

escape hatchnoun a small doorway only used in emergencies

escape routenoun the passengers’ way out of an aircraft after an emergency landing

escape slidenoun a device which allows passengers to exit the aircraft safely in an emergency, when no steps are available ESHP abbreviation equivalent shaft horsepower

essentialadjective absolutely necessary o Teamwork within the crew is essential. o A knowledge of the tropopause is essential. □ non-essential not necessary

EST abbreviation 1. Eastern Standard Time 2. estimate (ICAO) 3. estimated (ICAO)

establishverb 1. to be confirmed as stable in a particular flight condition, such as a flight level or glideslope, etc. o Once established on the downwind leg, the pilot should perform the checks. 2. to work out or to calculate □ establish your position find out where you are 3. to position o Low-power NDBs (Non-Directional Radio Beacons) are often established at the outer or middle marker sites. 4. □ to establish communication to make contact with □ to establish control to get control

estimateverb 1. to calculate approximately the cost, value or size of something o I estimate that it will take about two hoursfor us to reach our destination. o Cloud heights may be measured or estimated. 2. to form a judgement about □ to estimate the chances of something to weigh the possibilities and form an opinion estimated take-off timenoun the time when an aircraft is expected to take off.

Abbreviation ETOT

estimated time of arrivalnoun the time when an aircraft is expected to arrive.

Abbreviation ETA

estimated time of departurenoun the time when an aircraft is expected to take off.

Abbreviation ETD

estimationnoun 1.an approximate calculation o an estimation of ground speed o Estimation of visibility is achieved by noting the distances at which lights of known candle power can be observed and relating these distances to visibility-by-day values. 2. an opinion □ in my estimation in my opinion

ETA abbreviation estimated time of arrival

ETD abbreviation estimated time of departure

ETOT abbreviation estimated take-off time

Eurocontrol noun the European organisation for the safety of air navigation (note: Eurocontrol operates the ATC centre at Maastricht in the Netherlands and the Central Flow Management Unit in Brussels.)

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

noun full form of EGNOS

evacuateverb 1. to remove all the people from somewhere in the event of an emergency o to evacuate all passengers from the airport 2. to empty somewhere of all people in it because of an emergency o to evacuate the aircraft 3. to create a vacuum □ evacuate a glass jar remove all the air from a glass jar

evacuationnoun 1. the act of removing all people from somewhere in the event of an emergency o The evacuation of the passengers from the airport was not ordered.

2. an act of emptying somewhere of all people in it because of an emergency o The evacuation of the aircraft did not take long. □ evacuation command an evacuation order from the captain □ ditching evacuation an evacuation after the aircraft has force-landed on water

evaluateverb to examine and judge carefully o Deposits of ice are detected and continuously evaluated to operate a warning system.

evaluationnoun the examination and judgement of something o The ice detector system provides continuous evaluation of conditions conducive to the formation of ice.

evaporateverb to convert or change a liquid into a vapour o In the heat of the day, water evaporates from the surface of the earth. Opposite condense

evaporationnoun the changing of a liquid into vapour, vaporisation o Carburettor icing can be caused by the expansion of gases in the carburettor and the evaporation of liquid fuel.

evenadjective 1. flat or smooth, with no bumps or dents 2. the same in all parts of an area or over a whole surface o an even distribution of passengers o an even application of paint 3. □ even numbers exactly divisible by 2, e.g. 4, 6, 20 ■ adverb 1. yet more o It will be even higher than the new building. □ even faster not just as fast as, but more 2. □ even if whether or not o Stop at the holding point even if there are no other aircraft on the approach. □ even though in spite of the fact that o He gained his private pilot’s licence even though he was 73 years old.

eventnoun a happening  The Paris air show is a major event. □ in the event of if something should happen o Passengers should fasten their seat belts in the event of turbulence. □ in the event of main pump failure if there should be a failure of the main pump □ in the event of fire if there should be a fire

eventualadjective happening at an unspecified time in the future o Water in the fuel may lead to eventual engine stoppage.

eventuallyadverb at an unspecified time in the future o Vapour cools and eventually condenses.

evidencenoun an out ward sign □ external evidence of cracks something which can be seen on the surface which suggests that there is a deeper structural problem o Deformed wing panels may be evidence of an over-stressed airframe.

evidentadjective obvious, easily seen or understood o It is evident from the information available that language problems played a part in the cause of the accident. □ self-evident clear in itself, without further explanation

exactadjective completely accurate or correct o The exact fuelflow and pressure is adjusted. □ the calculation is not exact the calculation is not 100% correct

exactlyadverb 1. accurately, correctly o Measure the quantity exactly. 2. absolutely, completely o A fuel injection system performs exactly the same function as a carburettor.

examinationnoun 1. a set of questions or exercises testing knowledge or skill o The examination includes a flight plan. 2. □ medical examination medical check-up 3. a careful observation or inspection o the examination of a faulty component ‘…the pilot of a Grumman Cheetah refused to be breathalysed, and was taken to a police station for examination by a police surgeon, who confirmed that he had been drinking’ [Pilot]

examineverb 1. to find out how much knowledge or skill somebody possesses by means of questions or exercises o Students will be examined in four subjects. 2. to test or check the condition or health of somebody o to examine a patient 3. to study or analyse something o to examine charts

exceedverb to be greater

than o Vertical velocity of updraughts can exceed 50 kt.

exceptionnoun some thing or somebody not included □ an exception to the rule an example which does not conform to a general rule □ with the exception of not including □ with the exception of Smith, all the students passed their exams Smith did not pass, but the other students did

exceptionaladjective 1. being an exception, uncommon □ in exceptional circumstances in unusual circumstances 2. well above average, extraordinary □ an exceptional pilot a very good pilot

excessnoun an amount or quantity beyond what is normal or sufficient □ excess power the difference between horsepower available and horsepower required □ in excess of more than □ a height in excess of 50,000 feet a height greater than 50,000 feet

excess baggagenoun an amount, usually expressed as weight, of baggage which exceeds the airline’s limit per passenger

excessiveadjective more than the normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit o Excessive use of power when taxiing will require excessive use of brakes.

exchangeverb to give in return for something received o Meteorological stations exchange information with other meteorological stations.

excitationnoun the act of supplying a small current to the windings of larger electrical motors, etc. o Pilot excitation consists of a pilot exciter and a main exciter, to provide the direct current for the motor of the alternating current generator.

exciternoun the source of a small current to supply electrical current to the windings of larger electrical motors, etc., e.g. a battery o Pilot excitation consists of a pilot exciter and a main exciter, to provide the direct current for the motor of the alternating current generator.

excludeverb to keep out, to prevent from entering o Joints and interfaces should exclude moisture and improve fatigue life.

Exercisenoun an activity that requires physical or mental effort or practice o a classroom exercise o Swimming is good physical exercise for people such as pilots who spend a lot of time sitting down. ■ verb to use or to put into play or operation o Student pilots must exercise special care when landing in a strong crosswind.