Elastic To Entry (Aviation)

Elasticadjective flexible,easily returning to its original shape after being stretched or expanded o At low values of stress, if the plot of stress and strain is a straight line, this indicates that the material is elastic within this range.

elasticitynoun the property of returning to an original form or state following deformation o Titanium falls between aluminium and stainless steel in terms of elasticity, density and elevated temperature strength.

electricadjective powered or worked by electricity

electricaladjective 1.referring to electricity o an electrical fault 2. powered or worked by electricity o Activation may be mechanical or electrical.

electric currentnoun the mass movement of electric charge in a conductor

electricitynoun an electric current used to provide light, heat, power

electric power noun electricity used to drive machines or devices

electro-prefix electricity

electrolytenoun a chemical compound that becomes conductive when dissolved or molten o The electrolyte in a lead-acid battery consists of sulphuric acid diluted with distilled water.

electrolyticadjective□ electrolytic cell a cell consisting of electrodes in an electrolyte solution

electro-magnetnoun a magnet consisting of a coil of insulated wire wrapped around a soft iron core that is magnetised only when current flows through the wire

electro-magnetismnoun a force exerted by a magnetic field found around any conductor carrying current, the strength of which will depend on the amount of current flow

electromotive forcenoun a source of electrical energy required to produce an electric current, produced by devices such as batteries or generators and measured in volts.

Abbreviation emf

electronnoun a sub atomic particle that has a negative electrical charge o Electrons in the outer orbits of an atom may not be strongly attracted to the nucleus and may be lost.

electronicadjective referring to, based on, operated by, or involving the controlled conduction of electrons especially in a vacuum, gas, or semi-conducting material o Lightning does not often seriously damage aircraft but it may affect sensitive electronic equipment.

electronic centralised aircraft monitor/ noun a display on two cathode ray tubes giving pilots engine and systems information.

Abbreviation ECAM

electronic flight instrument systemnoun primary flight and navigation information on a cathode ray tube. Abbreviation EFIS

comment: The electronic flight instrument system can show basic flight information and engine performance information, as well as moving maps and checklists.

elementnoun 1. a substance composed of atoms with an identical number of protons in each nucleus o Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical methods. 2. the resistance coil in an electrical device such as a heater 3. a removable component or removable part, such as in an air filter or oil filter

elevateverb to move some thing to a higher place or position from a lower one; to lift o In some light aircraft the magnetic compass is elevated to a position as far away from the interfering effect of other components as possible.

elevatedadjective □ elevated temperature increased or raised temperature

elevationnoun the height at which something is above a point of reference such as the ground or sea level o The highest point in a locality is marked by a dot with the elevation marked alongside. □ aerodrome elevation distance in feet of the aerodrome above sea level o Elevation is indicated on charts by means of contour lines, spot heights, etc.

elevatornoun 1. a movable control surface, usually attached to the horizontal stabiliser of an aircraft, used to produce the nose up/down motion of an aircraft in level flight known as pitch o Elevators should be checked for full and free movement immediately prior to take-off. 2. US same as lift noun 2

comment: Some aircraft have an all-moving tailplane called a ‘stabilator’ (a combination of the words stabiliser and elevator).

eliminateverb to get rid of or remove o Air dryers are provided to eliminate the possibility of ice forming. o To eliminate the need for complex mechanical linkage, the selector is operated electrically. □ to eliminate a danger to remove a danger

ellipsenoun an oval-shaped line o Each planet moves in an ellipse and the sun is at one of the foci.

ellipticaladjective having an oval shape o the elliptical path of the Earth around the sun

ELR abbreviation 1. environmental lapse rate 2. extra long range (ICAO)

embarkationnoun the act of going onto an aircraft o Embarkation will start in ten minutes. (note: Boarding is usually preferred.) □ embarkation time the time at which passengers will be asked to go onto the aircraft

embedverb to fix firmly in a surrounding mass o A temperature probe is embedded into the stator of the generator. o Water outlets have heater elements embedded in rubber seals in the outlet pipe.

emergencynoun a serious situation that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action o to deal with or to handle an emergency

emergency descentnoun a planned rapid losing of altitude because of a serious situation emergency equipment noun devices for use only in serious situations

emergency exitnoun a way out only to be used in case of an emergency o How many emergency exits are there in the aircraft?

emergency frequencynoun 121.5 MHz, the frequency on which aeronautical emergency radio calls are made

emergency landingnoun a landing made as a result of an in-flight emergency emergency procedures plural noun a set of actions pre-planned and followed in the event of a serious situation

emergency servicesplural noun the fire, ambulance and police services o The alarm will activate the emergency services.

emf abbreviation electromotive force emissionnoun 1. the process of sending out e.g. matter, energy or signals o light emissions o radio emission o One factor on which the operational range of a radio emission depends is the transmitted power. 2. a substance discharged into the air, as by an internal combustion engine o Exhaust emissions contain pollutants.

emitverb to send out e.g. matter, energy or radiation o radiation emitted by the sun o An X-ray tube emits radiation. o Latent heat is emitted when condensation takes place. (note: emitting – emitted)

empennagenoun the tail assembly of an aircraft o The empennage usually includes the fin, rudder, horizontal stabiliser (or tail-plane), and elevator.

emphasisnoun force of expression that gives importance to something o It is only in recent years that much emphasis has been placed on determining the causes of metal fatigue.

emphasiseemphasize verb to give importance to something o On some maps, different elevations are emphasised by colouring.

employverb 1. to use There are two methods employed to cool the cylinders down. o In some aircraft, particularly those employing nickel-cadmium batteries, temperature sensing devices are located within the batteries to provide a warning of high battery temperatures. 2. to give somebody regular paid work empty weightthe weight of a plane without fuel, people or freight

enableverb to make something possible or easier o Isolation valves are fitted to enable servicing and maintenance to be carried out.

encloseverb to surround on all sides o The housing encloses the various mechanical parts. o Fuses form a weak link in a circuit and are usually made of a strip of tinned copper enclosed in a glass tube.

encodeverb to put into code o Weather information is encoded to allow large amounts of information to be given in a short space of time.

encounterverb to meet something unexpected or unwanted o Severe icing can be encountered in wave cloud.

endurancenoun the length of time an aircraft can stay in the air without refuelling The flight time to the PNR and back will equal the endurance of the aircraft.

energynoun 1. the ability of a physical system to do work 2. power from electricity, petrol, heat, etc. o The engine converts heat energy into mechanical energy. o The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

engageverb 1. to switch on and use o The autopilot may be engaged during climb or descent. Opposite disengage 2. □ engaged in working on a particular job or task o Personnel engaged in ground running must ensure that any detachable clothing is securely fastened and they should wear acoustic ear muffs.

enginenoun a machine that converts energy into mechanical force or motion, different from an electric or hydraulic motor because of its use of a fuel o jet engine o piston engine o internal combustion engine i> combustion, jet, piston □ engine-driven referring to equipment and devices which take their power from the engine when it is running o engine-driven generator o engine-driven pump □ engine running engine operating or working □ the engine is running the engine is working o The accident investigation demonstrated that the engine was running at full power when the aircraft hit the ground.

comment: In British usage, there is a clear distinction between the terms ‘engine’ and ‘motor’, the term ‘motor’ only being used for electric power units. In American usage, however, ‘motor’ is used for all types of power unit including the internal-combustion engine.

engine blocknoun a cylinder block with integral crankcase

engine capacitynoun the swept volume of an engine

engine compartmentnoun a space in the airframe where the engine is located engineernoun a person who is qualified to design, build and repair machines □ aircraft engineer an engineer who specialises in the maintenance and repair of aircraft engineeringnoun the use of scientific and mathematical principles for practical reasons such as the design, manufacture, and operation of machines and systems, etc. □ aircraft engineering the branch of aviation concerned with the maintenance and repair of aircraft o Reinforced plastics or composites are being used in aircraft engineering instead of metals because they are much lighter.

engine failurenoun a situation in which an engine stops during running engine indicating and crew alerting system

noun full form of EICAS engine instrumentsplural noun instruments which give the pilot information about engine temperature, speed, etc.

engine intakenoun the front part of the engine where air enters the engine engine malfunctionnoun a situation in which the engine does not work as it should engine oilnoun oil used especially to lubricate engines

engine performancenoun a description of how well the engine works or detailed statistical information about the capabilities of the engine

enhanceverb to make greater or better or clearer o Chances of survival are enhanced if passengers know where the emergency exits are. ‘…any automation must be designed to enhance the decision making abilities of the crew, not replace them’[INTER PILOT]

enhancementnoun the process of making greater, better or clearer □ enhancement of an image on a screen the improvement of an image on a screen

enlargeverb to make bigger or larger □ enlarge the hole make the hole bigger

enplaneverb to board or allow somebody to board an aircraft

en routeadverb, adjective on or along the way □ en route from New York to London on the way from New York to London □ en route alternate an airfield where it is possible to land if there is an in-flight problem □ en route weather conditions a description of the weather along the path of flight

ensureverb to make certain, to make sure o The generator cut-out ensures that the battery cannot discharge. o Before the engine is stopped, it should normally be allowed to run for a short period at idling speed, to ensure gradual cooling.

enterverb 1. to come or go into  Air enters at the front of the cabin and leaves at the rear. 2. to write down e.g. information o Enter the rectified airspeed in the log. o Enter your name in the correct place in the form. 3. to put data into a computer, especially by using the keyboard to type it in o Enter the data into the computer.

entireadjective whole, having no part excluded or left out □ the entire life of a thunderstorm the complete life of a thunderstorm

Entrynoun 1. the act or instance of going in o the flow of traffic at entry points to the airfield. 2. the writing in of an item, as in a record or log o An entry should be made in the technical log.