The Temporal Dimension in a 4D Archaeological Data Model: Applicability of the Geoinformation Standard - Innovations in 3D Geo-Information Sciences - page 49

Fig. 13 Topological structure of archaeological time scale after Michalak ( 2005 )
Fig. 14 Archaeological time scale as temporal ordinal reference system according to the model
of Michalak ( 2005 )
For geologic applications, the assumption of TM_OrdinalEras being
GeometricPrimitives “is not the best solution” (Michalak 2005 , p. 867). Geologists
mainly want to explain topological relations between findings or layers and thus,
do not desire to calculate lengths or distances (Michalak 2005 ). Rather they want to
indicate temporal relative positions by Allen relations (1983). Therefore, Michalak
( 2005 ) argued that topological elements should be used for the temporal ordinal
reference system for geology. Using the topological model of time described by
the NBN EN ISO 19108:2005 standard (NBN 2005 ), a link can be made from
topological temporal objects to geometric objects via a realization association