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on IFC building model and surrounding environment based on CityGML building
model. However, the model is still limited to represent indoor spatial information
to manage facilities of indoor space because UBMBuildingInstallation is devel-
oped to represent installations focusing on only outdoor features.
The developed models are proposed to represent outdoor space facilities and
some constructed building elements in indoor space. The building models need
to be improved to define additional feature classes to implement indoor facility
management applications. In this study, we have developed an indoor spatial data
model based on CityGML model in LoD4 to describe detailed indoor facilities and
to manage spaces and facilities in indoor space.
3 CityGML Indoor ADE
In this section, we propose CityGML Indoor ADE which is one of the specific
application models for indoor space. The purpose of this model is to represent and
manage indoor space and indoor facilities. CityGML Indoor ADE overcomes the
limitations of existing data models to deal with indoor spatial information dis-
cussed in the previous section.
3.1 Basic Concept of CityGML ADE
CityGML ADE (City Geography Markup Language Application Domain
Extensions) is an extended model for specific applications based on the concept
of CityGML (Van den Brink et al. 2013 ). To construct CityGML ADE, there
are two different approaches to integrate between CityGML data and applica-
tion data. First method is to embed the CityGML objects into larger application
frameworks by connecting both CityGML data and application data (OGC 2012 ).
Second method is to extend CityGML data model by defining additional attributes
of CityGML objects and new feature classes for the specific applications. In this
chapter, we have developed CityGML Indoor ADE for indoor facility management
applications based on the second method.
This study proposes CityGML Indoor ADE based on CityGML considering
international standards and interoperability. CityGML Indoor ADE is an appro-
priate data model to manage indoor space and indoor facility within CityGML
LoD4. Figure 6 shows a conceptual diagram of CityGML Indoor ADE developed
in this study. CityGML Indoor ADE has been developed based on the concepts of
CityGML which is based on GML (Geography Markup Language), and GML has
been derived from XML (eXtensible Markup Language) which is a representative
open data model.
CityGML Indoor ADE incudes two feature models based on CityGML
Building Module; Indoor Space Feature Model and Indoor Facility Feature Model.
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