Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
DROUGHT
conditions
of trade
conditions of
investment
demotivates
donors
debt
repayment
NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT
orientation to
national/
international
markets
National
Development
Programmes
undermines
Government
strategies
shifts focus from
sustainable development
to relief aid
increases
marginalisation
diminishes
national
contribution
pressure
on other
sectors
reduces
potential for
management
increases
dependency
on aid
LOCAL RURAL
COMMUNITY
environmental
refugees
reduces
productivity
reduces
land area
available
land
abandonment
intensifies
demand on land
resources
increases need
for security
widens search
for grazing
VULNERABILITY
increases
herd size
decrease in
productive land
increasing
population
reduces
vegetation
DROUGHT
species
invasion and
replacement
increases
albedo
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
loss of
biological
diversityr
changes regional and
global climate
radiation loss
less rain
air
subsidence
disrupts
bio-geochemical
turnover
Figure 24.2. Examples of self-reinforcing mechanisms (positive feedbacks) at inter-
national, national and local levels resulting in rangeland desertification. (Redrawn
from Williams and Balling,
1996
,
fig. 6.1
.)
