Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
(a) DJF
230
230
240
240
210
200
240
100
210
220
200
230
240
250
300
400
260
500
270
600
280
700
800
290
900
295
1000
90°N
60°N
30°N
Equator
30°S
60°S
90°S
(b) JJA
230
220
210
200
190
100
210
220
200
230
235
240
250
260
300
230
400
500
270
230
600
280
700
800
290
900
300
1000
90°N
60°N
30°N
Equator
30°S
60°S
90°S
Figure 2.9 Zonal mean temperature climatology for (a) December-January-
February (DJF) and (b) June-July-August (JJA). Contour interval is 5 K.
where the square brackets indicate the zonal mean,
a
is the radius of the earth,
and f is latitude in radians.
Note the following in
Figure 2.9:
• The tropopause, where the lapse rate changes sign, is located near 100 hPa
deep in the tropics and comes closer to the surface in higher latitudes.
