Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The Climate System:
angular velocity of the earth (Ω) 2p radians/24 hours 7.3 10
−5
s
−1
acceleration due to gravity (g) 9.81 m/s
2
average radius of the earth (a) 6371 km (equatorial radius is 6378 km)
latent heat of fusion (L) of water at 0˚C 3.34 10
5
J/kg
gas constant
R
d
dry air: 287 J/(kg K)
R
v
water vapor: 461 J/(kg K)
latent heat of vaporization (L) of water
˚C K L (10
6
J/kg)
0 273.2 2.501
10 283.2 2.476
20 293.2 2.453
30 303.2 2.432
specific heat capacity (c)
specific heat at constant pressure for air (c
p
) 1004 J/(kg K)
specific heat at constant volume for air (c
p
) 717 J/(kg K)
water 4218 J/(kg K)
dry sand 840 J/(kg K)
density (0˚C, 1000 hPa)
air 1.275 kg m
-3
water 1.000 10
3
kg m
-3
sand 2.65 10
3
kg m
-3
