Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
cloud formation
evaporation
precipitation
snow
accumulation
percolation
from
snowmelt
snowmelt
runo
overland
ow
interception
depression
storage
surface
detention
root zone
in
ltration
in
ltration
soil moisture
percolation
water table
groundwater
ow
to stream
stream
channel
ocean
to deep storage
Figure 9.1 Schematic representation of exchanges and processes important for the hydrological cycle.
From http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect16/Sect16_4.html/.
P
P
δ
z
Figure 9.2 The atmospheric column
moisture balance. Arrows indicate
moisture transport.
E
E
(9.1)
dW
=
ρ
dz
.
Using the definition of specific humidity (
chapter 2)
,
ρ
,
V
ρ
q
=
(9.2)
where r is the density of the volume (including air and water vapor), we have
(9.3)
dW qdz
=
ρ
.
Then,
z
z
TOP
TOP
#
#
WdWqdz
0
=
=
ρ
,
(9.4)
0
