Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
For
time sums
:
Day:1
Radius of the sun
=
7
10
8
m
W
-2
m
= 8.64 J cm
-2
dy
-1
= 2.064 cal cm
-2
dy
-1
Radius of the earth
=
6.37
10
6
m
Mean earth-sun distance =
1.495
10
11
m
Day:1
W
-2
m
= 8.64
10
4
J m
-2
dy
-1
Month:1 W m
-2
= 2.592 M J m
-2
(30 dy)
-1
= 61.91 cal cm
-2
(30 dy)
-1
Energy conversion factors
:
4.1868 J
= 1 calorie
Year:1 W
-2
= 31.536 M J m
-2
yr
-1
= 753.4 cal cm
-2
yr
-1
J cm
-2
= 0.2388 cal cm
-2
Watt
= J s
-1
W m
-2
= 1.433
10
-8
cal
-2
min
-1
Gravitational acceleration (g) = 9.81 m s
-2
Latent heat of vaporization (288K) = 2.47
697.8 W m
-2
= 1 cal cm
-2
min
-1
10
6
J kg
-1
Latent heat of fusion (273K) = 3.33
10
5
J kg
-1
Figure A2.1
Nomograms of height, pressure,
length and temperature.
LENGTH
LENGTH
LENGTH
HEIGHT:PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
mm
ins
m ft
km
miles
km
mb
˚Celsius ˚Fahrenheit
26
350
40
100
25
65
4.0
24
100
100
100
90
60
30
300
22
80
90
90
90
3.5
55
50
20
70
20
50
80
80
80
250
60
3.0
18
45
70
70
70
10
50
100
16
40
2.5
200
40
60
60
60
14
35
0
30
2.0
12
50
50
50
200
30
150
20
10
40
-10
25
40
40
300
10
1.5
8
20
0
100
400
30
30
30
-20
6
1.0
15
500
600
700
800
900
1013
-10
20
20
20
4
-20
50
10
-30
0.5
10
10
10
2
-30
5
0
0
0
-40
-40
0
0
00
