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80°N
60°
100
120
140
40°
180
280
20°
20°
180
40°
60°S
160°W
140°
120°
100°
80°
60°
40°
20°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
120°
140°
160°
180°E
Figure 3.9 The mean annual global solar radiation (Q + q)(W m -2 )(i.e., on a horizontal surface at ground level).
Maxima are found in the world's hot deserts, where as much as 80 percent of the solar radiation annually incident
on the top of the unusually cloud-free atmosphere reaches the ground.
Source: After Budyko et al. (1962).
80°N
60°
10°
40°
20°
20°
23°
20°
40°
1
60°S
160°W
140°
120°
100°
80°
60°
40°
20°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
120°
140°
160°
180°E
38 - 40°C (100 - 104°F)
34 - 37°C (93 - 99°F)
30 - 33°C (86 - 92°F)
less than 30°C (86°F)
Figure 3.10 Mean daily maximum shade air temperature (
C).
Source: After Ransom (1963). Courtesy of the Royal Meteorological Society.
°
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