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km
km
SUMMER
60
60
W
E
50
50
0
40
40
POLAR
EASTERLIES
30
30
20
20
FERREL
TROPIC AL TROP OPAUS E
0
W
W
TRADES
-40
10
10
WESTERLIES
E
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
LATITUDE
km
km
WINTER
60
60
0
WESTERLIES
50
50
0
80
-20
40
40
-40
W
30
POLAR
30
E
NIGHT
WESTERLIES
- 60
20
20
-80
FERREL
WARM
BELT
-60
-40
-20
W
W
OP
10
10
WESTERLIES
0
TRADES
E
-20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
LATITUDE
Figure 2.16 Mean zonal (westerly) winds (solid isolines, in knots; negative values from the east) and
temperatures (in
C, dashed isolines), showing the broken tropopause near the mean Ferrel jet stream.
Source: After Boville (from Hare 1962).
Notes: The term 'Ferrel Westerlies' was proposed by F. K. Hare in honor of W. Ferrel (see p. 179). The heavy black lines denote
reversals of the vertfical temperature gradient of the tropopause and stratopause. Summer and winter refer to the Northern
Hemisphere.
°
 
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