Geoscience Reference
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Plate 7.4 False-color satellite image of the western North Atlantic indicating surface water temperatures from cold
to warm (blue, green, yellow, red). Features of interest include the Gulf Stream, a Gulf Stream meander, a cyclonic
cold-core ring and an anticyclonic warm-core eddy.
Source:Data of NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC/SDSD. Courtesy of Otis B. Brown, Robert Evans and M. Carle, University of Miami; Rosenstiel School
of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Florida.
surface by upwelling. Although upwelling occurs
chiefly in narrow coastal locations, subsidence
takes place largely in two broad ocean regions -
the northern North Atlantic and around parts of
Antarctica (e.g., the Weddell Sea).
In the North Atlantic, particularly in winter,
heating and evaporation produce warm, saline
water which flows northward both in the near-
surface Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Current and
at intermediate depths of around 800m. In the
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