Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Small-bodied birds
10
10
10
20
30
20
30
30
50
80
110
130
180
240
490
Beetles
10
10
10
20
30
20
30
30
50
90
110
150
180
250
>500
Small mammals
10
10
10
20
30
30
30
40
60
90
120
150
210
300
>500
Spiders
10
10
20
20
30
30
30
40
60
120
120
170
210
320
>500
Medium-sized mammals
10
10
20
20
40
30
40
40
70
120
130
160
230
330
>500
Fishes, nonsalmonids
10
20
20
20
40
40
40
50
70
130
150
190
290
390
>500
Pond-breeding salamanders
20
20
20
30
60
40
50
60
120
190
240
320
400
>500
>500
Moths
20
20
20
30
60
40
60
80
120
210
280
320
440
>500
>500
Frogs and toads
20
20
20
30
70
50
60
80
120
230
280
360
460
>500
>500
Bats
20
20
30
40
70
50
70
80
120
230
280
360
480
>500
>500
Butterflies
20
20
30
50
90
70
90
120
170
350
400
500
>500
>500
>500
Flies, drosophilids
30
40
50
70
120
90
130
160
260
440
500
>500
>500
>500
>500
Values are the number of plots or subpopulations that must be monitored to detect the change at
p
= 0.05 with a likelihood (power) of >0.95, given 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 annual
counts or surveys per year of each plot or subpopulation. All estimates were made with the simulation program described in table 7.1 (with 250 replications) in conjunction
with estimates of population index variation described in table 7.2.
