Vulnerability and Resilience of Estuaries to Contamination by Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: a Challenge for the Next Decade - Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Adaptation - page 75

The
Robec

WWTP
Elbeuf

WWTP
Emeraud

Limite
d￿tection
(ng.L

Limite
quantification
(ng.L

STEP
Elbeuf

STEP
Emeraude

ng.L -1

Antibiotic (ng/L)

Antibiotique

Le Robec

-1 -1

) )

β-lactams

m

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Cephalosporins
Cefalexin

A mox icilline 235 - 41

Ampicilline - - -

P￿nicilline G - - -

P￿nicilline V - - -

_

O x acillin e 12 - -

Clox acilline 40 - -

D iclox acilline - - -

C￿phalosporines

C￿falexine - - -

C￿fotax ime 368 31 12

Cefotaxim

Cefpodoxine Cefpodoxime - - -

Ceftiofur
Cefuroxime
Quinolones/
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Oxfloxacin
acid
Pipemidic acid
Oxolinic acid
Flumequine
Tetracyclins
Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Chlortetracycline
Doxycycline
Sulfonamides
Sulfadiazine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfamerazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethizole
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfanilamide

Ceftiofur - - -

Cefuroxime - - -

Quinolones /
Fluoroquinolones

Ciproflox acine 114 130 265

Enrof loxacine - - -

Marbofloxacine - - -

N orflox acine - 22 165

O flox acine 62 77 86

Acide
pip￿m￿dique

- - 148

A cide ox ilinique - - -

Flum￿quine - 161 138

T￿tracy clines

T￿tracycline - - 9

Oxyt￿tracycline - - -

Chlort￿tracycline - - -

Doxycycline - - 17

Sulfamides

Sulfadiazine - 342 2

Sulfadim￿thox ine - 129 0

Sulfam￿razine - - -

Sulfam￿thazine - 105 -

Sulfam￿thizole - 10 4

Sulfam￿thox azole 5 276 200

Sulfanilamide
Sulfapyridine
Sulfathiazole
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Josamycin
Roxithromycin
Spiramycin

Sulfanilamide Sulfanilamide - 137 67

Sulfap yridine - 235 396

Sulfathiaziole - - -

Macrolides

A zithromycine - 208 248

Clarithromycine 3 89 482

E rythromycin e 3 126 295

Josamycin e - 11 21

Roxithromycine - 73 239

Spiramycine - 39 50

-: antibiotic not detected

Table 2.2(a) . The major sources of contamination of the Seine estuary by antibiotics
are: the tributary (Robec), contaminated by effluent of an hospital (1250-beds
capacity) which flows at Kp 242 (urban zone of Rouen), and the two most important
WWTP located in the urban zone, Rouen (Kp 247, treatment capacity 550,000
inhabitants) and Elbeuf (Kp 220 treatment capacity 100,000 inhabitants) [GAR 05,
TOU 07]. A chemical analysis methodology, based on solid phase extraction coupled
with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, was developped in order to
detect 34 molecules of different antibiotics [OBE 12]