Vulnerability and Resilience of Estuaries to Contamination by Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: a Challenge for the Next Decade - Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Adaptation - page 72

Effluent
from
hospitals

Untreated
WWTP
effluent

Treated
WWTP
effluent

Antibiotic River Reference

- β-lactams

- Amoxicillin 90 1,400 50 20 [WAT 09]

3,000
/

/
10

/
300

/
250

[BRO 06]
[WAT 09]

- Penicillin G

- Penicillin V 10 13,800 2,000 10 [WAT 09]

- Cloxacillin / 4,600 700 / [WAT 09]

- Cefaclor / 6,150 1,800 200 [WAT 09]

- Cefalexin 4,100 64,000 250 100 [WAT 09]

- Quinolones and
Fluoroquinolones

- Nalidixic acid / 200 450 50 [WAT 09]

/
/
101,000
2,000
15,000
10,900

210
/
/
1,000
1,100
25,800

140
/
/
/
/
3,700

/
/
/
/
1,300
/

[KAR 06]
[HIR 99]
[LIN 04]
[BRO 06]
[WAT 09]
[DUO 08]

- Ciprofloxacin

/
90
/
15,200

/
60
/
8,400

50
25
/
1,500

/
30
20
/

[MIA 04]
[WAT 09]
[TAM 08]
[DUO 08]

- Norfloxacin

- Enrofloxacin 100 40 50 300 [WAT 09]

/
7,600
25,100

/
/
7,700

506
/
110

/
/
/

[MIA 04]
[LIN 04]
[BRO 06]

- Ofloxacin

- Tetracyclines

/
/
/
40
/

520
/
/
100
/

170
nd
151
20
/

/
nd
/
80
/

[KAR 06]
[HIR 99]
[MIA 04]
[WAT 09]
[BRO 06]

- Tetracycline

- Chlortetracycline / 6 5 3 [WAT 09]

/
6,700
200

/
/
650

46
/
150

/
/
400

[MIA 04]
[LIN 04]
[WAT 09]

- Doxycycline

- Oxytetracycline / 350 70 100 [WAT 09]

- Sulfonamides

/
/
/

300
/
/

200
400
243

/
30
/

[KAR 06]
[HIR 99]
[MIA 04]

- Sulfamethoxazole