The Shoreline between Nature and Society, a Changing Heritage - Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Adaptation - page 217

development, as they involve preserving remarkable habitats,
protecting biodiversity, restoring fish stocks as much as possible as
well as managing the reserves with the possibility for tourists to
discover them. The political hierarchy is clear: global level, regional
level (for instance, Europe and its various regulations), national level
and finally local implementation. So, many projects supported by
DATAR (in 2005, known as DIACT) for the launching of the
integrated management plan of coastal zones mentioned conservation
while allowing people to circulate freely and exercise their profession
in the areas in question. Marine nature reserve follows the same logic.
5.4.4.3.4. From land to sea, an initiative of the European Union
Directive 2008/56/CE of the European Parliament and Council,
dated June 17, 2008, follows the same line of increasing concern over
the ecological health of the seas and adjacent coastlines. It is the latest
great directive of the Union and addresses the degradation of marine
ecosystems that are the basis of sustainable development. The
directive is precise and well documented and is to be applied through
to the level of each of the member States for which the directive is
relevant, which means almost all of them as they all contribute to
telluric and various other forms of pollution being discharged in the
watersheds and ultimately released in the sea. The ambition is even
greater given, as deadlines are short. The latest is in 2020, to reach a
“healthy ecological state”. Through its framework directive for the
marine environment, the EU takes a stand in the global architecture
driven by large international organizations and particularly the
environment program of the United Nations. It is now up to France to
implement its own strategy in the line of the objectives set by the
Grenelles of the Environment and Sea and with the successive stages
since the discourse of the French President in the port of Le Havre, in
the French marine policy, which was then put into practice by the
General Secretariat of the sea.
In practice, the aim of the EU is to promote the sustainable use of
the seas and the conservation of marine ecosystems. In order to
achieve this, the impact of human activities should be monitored and
protected marine areas should be defined. The implementation of a
global network of protected marine areas is mentioned, which evokes