The Shoreline between Nature and Society, a Changing Heritage - Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Adaptation - page 205

environment that was undoubtedly different and more difficult to plan,
but also to the attraction, as the Aquitaine coast does not offer the
same climate potential and is not situated in a major transit toward the
Iberian Peninsula. This decade saw the launching of a slow dissolution
of the concept of management in the French way. Indeed, the Piquard
report provides a key to understand this phenomenon; its title
“Shorelines, planning perspectives” [PIQ 74], however, its content,
very balanced, expresses concern around the excessive intensification
involved by certain activities, especially tourism. This report opens up
the opportunity for the “natural third-party” on the shoreline and
announces the creation of a Coastal Protection Agency ( Conservatoire
du Littoral ).
Planning, as conceived during the glorious 1930s, is over; the
experiences following this which form part of this positivist and even
productivist logic more or less failed (for instance, the Models for the
Development of the Sea - Schémas de Mise en Valeur de la Mer ,
SMVM), the Coastal Law of 1986, cornerstone of a policy that
remained stuck in a “planning” logic (as seen from the title) brings a
change that slowly and reluctantly, due to the nature of the State itself
in France, toward a new vision of the shoreline, i.e. integrated coastal
management. Management comes from the English term: the
ambiguity of the language also expresses a “culture”, which in France
is very centralizing.
5.4.4. The emergence of a policy of integrated coastal management,
from the global down to the local levels (and vice versa)
5.4.4.1. Agenda 21
It was after the World Summit of Rio de Janeiro in 1992 that the
need for a global approach to marine and coastal issues was felt. Each
and everyone was then able to denounce the very heavy pressures on
natural environments, as was already stated in the Stratton Report and
as was confirmed by the CZMA in the United States. The pressure on
the habitat (fragile and rare), here the coastal zone refers to both sides of
the coastline, pressure on the environment, both terrestrial (marshes and
coastal dunes) and marine, and by extension on the sea far offshore due