Microbiological Coastal Risks and Monitoring Systems - Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Adaptation - page 113

temporal measurements and to understand the seasonal, annual or
pluriannual dynamic of the phenomena (that is to say El Niño).
Satellites complement the systems for measuring in situ , and benefit
from these measurements for their calibration.
Nevertheless, some limitations remain. Therefore, with radiometers
sometimes having measures deteriorated on the land-sea transition,
specific regional algorithms should be developed if we want to
integrate these measurements into monitoring systems for coastal
waters. Research-development studies on the instruments for
measurement, as well as on the algorithms integrating these
measurements in input data, are being carried out to overcome these
limitations.
3.3.3. Some ideas to bear in mind
It is possible to measure a number of physico-chemical parameters
of the water and the characteristics of the ocean due to measuring
systems in situ and/or by instruments mounted on satellites. The
accumulation of a long series of temporal measurements enables the
dynamic of the evolution of these phenomena to be observed.
Although the systems for measurement in situ guarantee “measured on
data”, it is difficult to develop them over large distances. Satellites
enable measurements to be carried out locally, regionally and even
over the entire Earth with the same overall coherence. In Europe,
some operational information services integrating the two types of
measurement are being developed. These services regularly provide
information bulletins and/or, due to modeling software, map for
predicting the evolution of parameters linked to water quality or
monitoring of the ocean.
For example, we cite:
- MARCoast (EU): www.marcoast.eu;
- MyOcean (EU): www.myocean.eu;
- PREVIMER (Fr): www.previmer.org;
- MERCATOR Océan (Fr): www.mercator-ocean.fr.