Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The globalization of human population dynamics, economic
growth, commercial exchanges, international tourism and the
exploitation of marine resources leads to consequences, themselves
global, for the coastal environment.
These modifications of the epidemiological environment can have
important consequences for human health [BOW 08]. Researchers
strive to develop models that, integrated into early warning monitoring
systems, will help to develop and control public regulations on water
quality (directive-framework on water and directive-framework
strategy for the marine environment) and health.
We will undertake identification of environmental and climatic
parameters favorable to the modification of the epidemiological
environment; what pathogenic agents are favored in aquatic
environments and what their causes are; what the impacts on the
question of human health are; what environmental parameters are to
be measured; how to reduce exposure and transmission to the host;
how to develop monitoring and early warning systems.
3.2. Risks and infectious diseases linked to coastal regions
Aquatic environments are particularly favorable to the transmission
of numerous infectious agents whether this is directly through the
water (
water-borne
), often via an oral-fecal-type transmission, or
through contamination/infection of food (
food-borne
), through the
consumption of food harboring infectious agents, and finally through
vectors that find optimal conditions there for habitation and
reproduction (
vector-borne
), or vectorial transmission.
Coastal zones, characterized by the interface between sea and
continent, notably estuaries, deltas and coastal lagoons, are favorable
locations for the development of infectious diseases because of the
densities of their human population, their significant biodiversity
(which plays an important role for reservoirs and vectors) and activity
linked to the water (agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, tourism and
bathing).
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