Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Soil foundations
21.1 Techniques for foundation treatment
The soil foundation supports structures such as rigid concrete footings for a build-
ing or an embankment for a road. Techniques for fill loading are covered in the
table below.
The foundation soil may often require some treatment prior to loading.
Table 21.1 Dealing with problem foundation grounds with fill placed over.
Improved by
Specific methods
Reducing the load
Reducing height of fill
Use light weight fill
Replacing the
Removal of soft or problem materials. Replace with suitable
problem materials
fill/bridging layer
with more competent
Bridging layer may be a reinforced layer
materials
Complete replacement applicable only to shallow depths
(3 m to 5 m depending on project scale)
Partial replacement for deeper deposits
Increasing the shear
Preloading
strength by inducing
Surcharging
consolidation/
Staged loading
settlement
Use of wick drains with the above
Vacuum consolidation
For predominantly granular materials: vibro - compaction, impact
compaction, dynamic compaction
Reinforcing the
Berms or flatter slopes for slope instability
embankment or its
Sand drains, stone columns
foundation
Lime and cement columns
Grouting
Electroosmosis
Thermal techniques (heating, freezing)
Geotextiles, geogrids or geocells at the interface between the
fill and ground
Transferring the
Pile supported structures such as bridges and viaducts
loads to more
Load relief piled embankments
competent layers
 
 
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