Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Slopes
14.1 Slope measurement
•
Slopes are commonly expressed as 1 Vertical: Horizontal slopes as highlighted.
This physical measurement is easier to construct (measure) in the field, although
for analysis and design purpose the other slope measurements may be used.
Table 14.1
Slope measurements.
Descriptor
Degrees
Radians
Tangent
Percentage
1 Vertical:
Design
Horizontal
considerations
Flat
0
0.000
0.000
0%
Drainage
∞
Moderate
5
0.087
0.087
9%
11.43
10
0.174
0.176
18%
5.67
Steep
11.3
0.197
0.200
20%
5.00
Slope design
15
0.262
0.268
27%
3.73
18.4
0.322
0.333
33%
3.00
20
0.349
0.364
36%
2.75
25
0.436
0.466
47%
2.14
Very steep
26.6
0.464
0.500
50%
2.00
30
0.524
0.577
58%
1.73
33.7
0.588
0.667
67%
1.50
35
0.611
0.700
70%
1.43
40
0.698
0.839
84%
1.19
Extremely
45
0.785
1.000
100%
1.00
Reinforced
steep
50
0.873
1.192
119%
0.84
design if a soil
55
0.960
1.428
143%
0.70
slope
60
1.047
1.732
173%
0.58
63
1.107
2.000
200%
0.50
65
1.134
2.145
214%
0.47
Sub-Vertical
70
1.222
2.747
275%
0.36
Wall design
75
1.309
3.732
373%
0.27
if a soil slope
76
1.326
4.000
400%
0.25
80
1.396
5.671
567%
0.18
85
1.483
11.430
1143%
0.09
Vertical
90
1.571
0.00
∞∞
•
Typically soil slopes do not exceed very steep unless some reinforcement or wall
is used.
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