Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Earthworks
12.1 Earthworks issues
•
The designs construction issues are covered in the table below.
•
Issues related to pavements are discussed in the next chapter.
•
Related issues on slopes and retaining walls are covered in later chapters.
Table 12.1
Earthworks issues.
Earthwork Issues
Comments
Excavatability
Covered in this chapter. The material parameter is only 1 indicator of
excavatability. Type of excavation and plant data also required.
Compaction characteristics
Covered in this chapter. Depends on material, type of
excavation/operating space and plant.
Bulk up
Covered in this chapter. Depends on material.
Pavements
Refer chapter 13
Slopes
Refer chapter 14
Retaining walls
Refer chapter 20
Drainage and erosion
Refer chapter 15
Geosynthetics
Refer chapter 16
12.2 Excavatability
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The excavatability depends on the method used as well as the material properties.
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Some of these are not mutually exclusive, ie strength may be affected by degree of
weathering, and run direction is relevant mainly for large open excavations, and
when dip direction is an issue.
•
Geological definition of rock is different form the contractual definition, where
production rates are important.
12.3 Excavation requirements
•
The strength of the material is one of the key indicators in assessing the excavation
requirements.
•
The table provides a preliminary assessment of the likely excavation requirements.
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