Geoscience Reference
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Table 11.6
Typical values for Young's modulus of various materials (after Gordon, 1978).
Classification
Material
Young's modulus, E (MPa)
Human
Cartilage
24
Tendon
600
Fresh bone
21,000
Timber
Wallboard
1,400
Plywood
7,000
Wood (along grain)
14,000
Metals
Magnesium
42,000
Aluminium
70,000
Brasses and bronzes
120,000
Iron and steel
210,000
Sapphire
420,000
Diamond
1,200,000
Construction
Rubber
7
Concrete
20,000
Soils
Soft clays
5
Stiff clays, loose sands
20
Dense sands
50
Rocks
Extremely weathered, soft
50
Distinctly weathered, soft
200
Slightly weathered, fresh, hard
50,000
Table 11.7
Elastic parameters of various soils.
Type
Strength of soil
Elastic modulus, E (MPa)
Short term
Long term
Gravel
Loose
25-50
Medium
50-100
Dense
100-200
Medium to
Very loose
5
<
coarse
Loose
3-10
sand
Medium dense
8-30
Dense
25-50
Very dense
40-100
Fine sand
Loose
5-10
Medium
10-25
Dense
25-50
Silt
Soft
10
8
<
<
Stiff
10-20
8-15
Hard
20
15
>
>
Clay
Very soft
3
2
<
<
Soft
2-7
1-5
Firm
5-12
4-8
Stiff
10-25
7-20
Very stiff
20-50
15-35
Hard
40-80
30-60
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